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Europe Explores the Globe

The Age of Exploration marked a pivotal era from the 1400s onward, driven by economic ambitions, religious zeal, and adventurous spirits. This period saw Portugal and Spain leading the charge with explorers like Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, and Christopher Columbus shaping new trade routes. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 delineated spheres of influence, while British adventurers like John Cabot and the Sea Dogs challenged established powers. This voyage of discovery fostered amazing transformations in global trade, cultural exchanges, and colonial ambitions that reshaped the world.

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Europe Explores the Globe

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  1. Europe Explores the Globe Age of Exploration Notes

  2. I.) Origins of overseas exploration • Reasons for voyages beginning in 1400’s: 1. economic 2. religious reasons 3. spirit of adventure “God, Glory, & Gold”

  3. II.) The Explorers • Portugal takes the lead and heads east! 1. Henry the Navigator - 1420 explores west coast of Africa - discovers new source for gold 2. Bartholomeu Dias - 1488 rounds Cape of Good Hope (Africa) 3. Vasco da Gama - 1498 rounds Cape of Good Hope and cuts across to India (spices)

  4. B. Spain takes a route west! 1. Christopher Columbus - travels west to find sea route to Asia - 1492 discovers Hispaniola and Cuba 2. Ferdinand Magellan - 1519 sets sail to find passage through America - 1520 passes through “Strait of Magellan” - first person to circumnavigate the globe

  5. C. Treaty of Tordesillas: signed 1494; line in Atlantic giving Spain trade rights to route to Americas & trade rights to Africa 1. Amerigo Vespucci (Portugal & Spain) - crossed Atlantic several times between 1497-1504 - argued land was not Asia, called it “New World” - mapmakers begin calling land “America”

  6. D. Britain begins to build an empire! 1. 1500’s = busy with problems at home 2. 1600’s = begin to explore and colonize • Queen Elizabeth I • 1. wants to expand Britain’s power overseas • 2. grants a charter to the British East India Company • - set up trading posts, expand influence, defend interests

  7. F. John Cabot (1497-98) 1. explores Americas (New England coast) for England G. Sea Dogs: English sea captains/pirates/traders who sail Atlantic challenging Spain & Portugal for sea trade Examples: Sir Francis Drake Sir Walter Raleigh Sir John Hawkins H. Henry Hudson 1. explores Americas for NW Passage & discovers Hudson Bay & River British Settlements in America 1. Jamestown (1607) 2. Plymouth (1620)

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