Space, Big Bang, Galaxies and Stars Review 2013 V3 66 Slides I hope you like it. 

1. Space, Big Bang, Galaxies and Stars Review 2013 V366 SlidesI hope you like it. 

2. 1. Astronomy The study of Planets, Stars Galaxies and Nebulae http://www.ceo.wa.edu.au/home/carey.peter/astronomy.jpg

3. 2. Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the origin of the universe Carl Sagan wrote books and TV shows about it. http://www.wired.com/geekdad/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/carl_sagan.jpg

4. 3. Geocentric Perspective In 400 BC, Aristotle thought the Earth was the center of the universe http://space.about.com/od/astronomerbiographies/a/aristotlebio.htm

5. 4. Heliocentric Perspective In 1543, Nicholas Copernicus was the first to say the sun not the Earth was in the center of the solar system. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nikolaus_Kopernikus.jpg

6. 5. Variable speed Elliptical Orbits In 1610, Johannes Kepler was the first to say the planets travel in variable speed, elliptical, not circular orbits. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler

7. 6. Gravity • In 1687 Sir Isaak Newton described Gravity • The most important force in astronomy students.umf.maine.edu

8. 7. The First Telescope In 1611 Galileo invented the first telescope by putting 2 lenses in a tube. http://cnx.org/content/m11932/latest/

9. 8. Stars are farther away from Earth than the planets. Stars are larger than planets but the planets look larger because the stars are farther away. http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2007/01/stars-planets-scale-comparison.html

10. 9. Three Telescope Types Optical telescopes detect visible light. Radio telescopes detect Radio Waves. Telescopes in orbit around planet Earth.

11. 10. Data about Stars Astronomers get data about stars from telescopes like Mount Wilson observatory and and space probes like NASA’s IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer 60 inch Telescope That Hubble used in 1926 Mount Wilson Observatory http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/01/31/nasa-probe-discovers-alien-matter-from-beyond-our-solar-system/ CHARA Interferometer Arrayhttp://www.mtwilson.edu/

12. 11. Edwin Hubble 1926 • First to see the Andromeda galaxy • First to say the universe is larger than just the Milky way • First to discover the Red Shift • First to suggest that theuniverse is expanding http://www.mtwilson.edu/ http://www.edwinhubble.com/

13. 12. Big Bang Theory Sir Fred Hoyle was first to use the term “Big Bang in 1949” Hoyle did not believe in the Big Bang theory. He believed in the Steady State http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle

14. 13. LeMaitre and Einstein Using Einstein’s theories, George LeMaitre (left) was first to say that the universe began as a point of pure energy and expanded in all directions. http://fathernormsnotebook.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html ergy that expanded out in all directions

15. 14. Evidence of the Big Bang • Red Shift • Cosmic background radiation

16. 15a. Red Shift • Red shift is the apparent change in the frequency of star light. • Red shift shows the direction the star is moving. • Red shift shows stars are moving away from Earth and from each other. * Earth

17. 15b. Red Shift Red shifted light from a source moving away from the Observer. Light from a source that is not moving. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Redshift.png

18. Red shifted light from a source that is moving way from the observer. 16. Blue Shift Blue shifted light from a source moving towardsthe Observer. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Redshift.png

19. 17. Doppler Effect The Doppler effect is the apparent (not real) change in the wavelength of sound or light due to the movement of the source or observer. • Blue shift • Red Shift Red Shift and Blue shift are examples of the Doppler effect http://physics.syr.edu/courses/CCD_NEW/seti/tutorial/measure/part8.html

20. 18. Cosmic Background Radiation • In 1965 Wilson and Penzias of Bell Labs discovered a faint energy coming from space where there are no stars. http://www.bell-labs.com/history/laser/invention/cosmology.html

21. 19. Cosmic Background Radiation Leftover energy from the Big Bang? George Gamow laid the foundations for research into the formation of elements in a big bang http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ideas/gamow.htm http://m.teachastronomy.com/astropedia/article/Discovery-of-the-Microwave-Background-Radiation

22. 20. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) The HST, named after Edwin Hubble, is an optical Telescope in obit around the Earth. It was launched In 1990. http://hubblesite.org/the_telescope/hubble_essentials/image.php?image=hst-above

23. 21. A Light Year is a unit of distance. • A light year is the distance light travels in one year • exactly 9,460,730,472,580.8 km • about 6 trillion miles • about 63,241.1 astronomical units • about 0.306601 parsecs

24. 22. Light years measure galaxies. • Light years are used to measure distances inside galaxies.

25. 23. The Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy is 100,000 light years wide

26. 24. Parallax Shift Parallax shift is used to measure the distance between galaxies. http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/kids_space/star_dist.html

27. 25. Parallax Shift Rule The smaller the shift the farther away the star. http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/kids_space/star_dist.html

28. 26. Stars in a Galaxy Galaxies contain billons of stars. Stars are held in galaxies by gravitational forces. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=milky+way+galaxy&btnG=Search

29. 27. Galaxy Classification Hubble was first to classify galaxies by their shape: Spiral elliptical irregular http://www.seds.org/messier/irre.html

30. 28. Three Galaxy Shapes Spiral elliptical irregular http://www.seds.org/messier/irre.html

31. 29. The Milky Way Galaxy • Spiral Shape • Our Solar system is 2/3 of the way from middle on 1 arm I-------100,000 light years---------I

32. 30. Interstellar Matter • Atoms of gas and dust that exists between stars. • Interstellar • Matter http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/polaris-t.html

33. Slide 31 is blank

34. Slide 32 is blank

35. 33. What comes from Stars? Light and heat waves and solar wind particles The Earth’s magnetic field protects the Earth from the solar wind. Solar flares and the solar wind http://www.chabotspace.org/vsc/solar/spaceweather/curriculum/107_Magnetic%20Configuration.pdf

36. 34. Radiation Solar energy travels through space to the earth in waves called radiation. http://news.discovery.com/space/monster-waves-driving-suns-coronal-heating-110727.html

37. 35. Supernova At the end of the life of a super giant star, it explodes in the largest bang the universe has to offer. http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/supernovae.html

38. 36. Black Hole A region in space with gravity so strong not even light can escape http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/blackhole.html

39. 37. Big Bang Sir Fred Hoyle was first to use the term “Big Bang in 1949” Even though he did not believe in the Big Bang theory. He believed in Steady State. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle

40. 38. Big Bang Theory About 14.7Billion years ago, The universe began as a point of pure energy that expanded in all directions. http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/cosmic/p_lemaitre.html

41. 38. LeMaitre and Einstein Using Einstein’s theories, George LeMaitre (left) was first to say that the universe began as a point of pure energy and expanded in all directions. http://fathernormsnotebook.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html ergy that expanded out in all directions

42. 39. The Universe is 14.7 Billion Years Old Modern astronomers estimate the age of the universe to be 14.7 billion years old.

43. 40.Nearest star to the sun Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to the sun, about 4.2 light years away.

44. 41. Proxima Centauri Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star, one of the most common types in the Milky way.

45. 42a. Proxima Centauri Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star, red stars are old and cool.

46. 42b. Star Life Cycles • A star is born when fusion starts in the core. • The life cycle depends on the mass of the star. • Star life cycles are shown on the (HR) diagram. The Sun Blue stars are young and hot Yellow stars are middle aged and medium Red stars are old and cooler

47. 43. Nuclear Science Nuclear science gets its name from the nucleus of the atom.

48. 44. The symbol for Radiation

49. 45. What does fusion mean? Fusion means to make, or combine.

50. 46. Where does fusion occur? Fusion occurs in stars. Fusion makes stars hot.