Vitamin D

1. Vitamin D By: Angela Verrill Kaplan University HW499- Unit 4

2. What is Vitamin D • Secosteroid hormone – interacts with almost 1000 genes in the body • Factor in the study of disease for the following: • Heart disease Stroke Hypertension • Multiple Sclerosis Diabetes Depression • Chronic Pain Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis • Birth Defects Periodontal Disease Cancer • 3 forms of Vitamin D: • Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) – naturally occurs from skin exposure to sun, can be in a supplement • Calcidiol – found in your blood, 25-hydroxyvitamin D • Calcitriol (active form of Vitamin D) – made from calcidiol in the kidneys & other tissues

3. Where IS Vitamin D Found • Fatty fish like: herring, mackerel, sardines,& tuna • Dairy products, juices, fortified cereals • Sunlight • Supplements • Laboratory made medicine

4. Effectiveness of Vitamin D • Effective • Treat Osteomalacia • Familial hyphophophatemia • Fanconi syndrome • Psoriasis • Low blood calcium levels • Renal osteodystrophy • Rickets • Vitamin D deficiency • Likely effective • Treating osteoporosis • Prevent falls, decrease body sway & blood pressure • Reducing bone loss

5. Effectiveness of Vitamin D Cont… • Possibly effective • Reduce Multiple sclerosis (MS) • Prevent Cancer • Weight loss • Respiratory infections • Reduce risk of rheumatoid arthritis • Reduce bone loss • Prevent tooth loss • Possibly ineffective • Breast cancer • High blood pressure • Improve muscle strength • Prevent bone loss in those with kidney transplants

6. Effectiveness of Vitamin D Cont… • Insufficient Evidence • Asthma symptoms • Heart Disease • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • High cholesterol • Gum disease • Diabetes • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) *Other conditions not listed fall under this category but there no information to give besides the name of the condition

7. Side Effects • Side effects are not common unless too much is taken • If too much is taken they are: • Weakness • Fatigue • Sleepiness • Headache • Loss of appetite • Dry mouth • Metallic taste • Nausea • Vomiting

8. Daily Dose of Vitamin D • Infants – Ages – 12 months – 400 IU/day • Pregnant & lactating women – 600 IU/day • Ages 1-70yrs – 600 IU/day • Ages 71yrs & older - 800 IU/day • Older adults - prevent osteoporosis & fractures – 400–1000 IU/day, higher dose of 1000 – 2000 IU/day recommended by some • Prevent falls – 800–1000 IU/day with calcium of 1000-1200 mg/day • Prevent MS – 400 IU/day in the form of multivitamin • Postmenopausal women - prevent all cancers – vitamin D3 1100 IU/day with 1400-1500 mg/day • Prevent flu – 1200 IU/day

9. Vitamin D Deficiency • More likely to be deficient are: • People with darker skin • People who spend a lot of time inside • People who cover their skin • People who live in North of the US or Canada • Older people • Infants who are breastfed without a supplement • Pregnant women • People overweight or obese • Symptoms • tiredness & General aches & pains • Severe deficiency– pain in bones & weakness • Frequent infections.

10. References WebMD. (2014). vitamin d: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-929-vitamin%20d.aspx?activeingredientid=929&activeingredientname=vitamin%20d Koslo, MS, RD, CSSD, ACE-CPT, J. (2011). KAPLAN UNIVERSITY: Herbs for Fall and Winter Wellness. Retrieved from http://healthandwellness.kaplan.edu/articles/nutrition/Vitamin D The Wonder Vitamin.html  Vitamin D Council. (2014). Am I deficient in Vitamin D? | Vitamin D Council. Retrieved from http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/about-vitamin-d/am-i-deficient-in-vitamin-d/?gclid=CO7DtZKR9sACFSsV7AodslkAqw