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The Battle of Trebbia: Hannibal’s Strategic Trap in the Second Punic War

In the chaos of the Second Punic War, Scipio's army, already weakened by his injuries, attempts to escape Hannibal’s advancing forces. As a large group of Gauls defect to Hannibal, and Sempronius arrives with reinforcements, tensions rise between the two Roman generals. Ignoring Scipio’s wish to hold back, Sempronius is lured into a trap by Hannibal’s clever tactics. During the Battle of Trebbia in 218 BCE, Roman forces wade through the icy river only to be ambushed by Hannibal’s fresh troops, resulting in staggering Roman losses.

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The Battle of Trebbia: Hannibal’s Strategic Trap in the Second Punic War

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  1. Trebbia The Second Punic war

  2. Scipio’s Flight • Scipio’s army continues to flee from Hannibal. • Hannibal captures 100 Romans who are trapped on the wrong side of the Po river. • A large group of Gauls defect from the Roman army and join Hannibal. • Sempronius is recalled from Carthage.

  3. Scipio’s Flight • The Roman army is slowed by Scipio’s wounds which are now infected. • They cross the Trebbia and set up a camp and build earthworks. • They wait here hoping that Sempronius arrives before Hannibal.

  4. Sempronius • Sempronius arrives bringing with him a second Roman army. • Now Rome has two generals. • “One bad general is better than two good generals.” Napoleon

  5. Two Generals • Hannibals arrives and sets up camp near the Romans. • Scipio wants to wait but Sempronius wants to attack. • Hannibal has spies in the Roman camp and knows that the generals don’t agree. • He creates a clever plan to lure Sempronius into a trap.

  6. The Battle of Trebia 218 BCE • Hannibal sends a small group to attack the Roman camp at night to lure the Romans out. • Hannibal’s troops then flee, crossing the Trebbia river. • Just as planned, Semponius follows with the entire Roman army.

  7. The Trap is Sprung • The Romans wade through cold, chest-deep water and cross the river. • They find Hannibal’s fresh troops on the other side. • As the battle starts 2,000 of Hannibal’s best men burst out of the woods and flank the Romans as elephants and cavalry route the other flank.

  8. Bad Cheese • 25,000 Romans are killed. • 10,000 managed to break through the lines and flee.

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