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Learning Objectives: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of river defence techniques

Learning Objectives: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of river defence techniques To consolidate our knowledge of river landscapes, river processes and river flooding. Hard and soft engineering techniques. Flood Engineering Techniques.

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Learning Objectives: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of river defence techniques

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  1. Learning Objectives: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of river defence techniques To consolidate our knowledge of river landscapes, river processes and river flooding Hard and soft engineering techniques

  2. Flood Engineering Techniques Hard engineering is a method of river flood management which involves major construction work Soft engineering is a method of river flood management which works or attempts to work with natural river processes. It does not tend to involve major construction work e.g. Floodplain zoning

  3. HARD ENGINEERING • These are structures built by engineers, with the help of geographers and hydrologists. • They are expensive and often not an option in LICs. • They often have a negative impact on the environment and can even cause more flooding further down the river’s course. • Use a full page and write the following headings along the top of the page: • Method Description Comment • Write notes on each technique as we go through the following slides.

  4. Los Angeles channelisation

  5. Construction of a flood relief channel

  6. The Three Gorges Dam in China • Use the resource sheet to complete a fact file on this example of a hard engineering scheme. Write your fact file around the map of China. • Include: • Its main features, • Why it was built? • The impact : social, economic, environmental. • Extension work – How to get the A/A* • Use the booklet to add more detail to your case study: • 1. The history of flood events on the Yangtze (table 2), • 2. Why can the 3 gorges be described as a multi-purpose scheme? • 3. What does displacement mean and how have people been re-settled? • 4. What have the impacts on the Yangtze ecosystems been like? • 5. Add the detail from figure 1 to your map. • 6. What hazards has the dam created? • Do you think it should have been built? Do the benefits outweigh the costs?

  7. Flood wall on the River Moskva, in Moscow

  8. Barriers, such as the Thames Barrier. • The barrier is raised when a high tide or flood is forecast.

  9. SOFT ENGINEERING • These do not involve expensive structures, but instead uses the natural features of the drainage basin to control flooding. • It involves planning the land use in the drainage basin. • Forecasting and warning systems are also important

  10. How can we manage the Cumbria Floods? Use the map to help you suggest and explain which management techniques you would put in place. Hard or soft engineering? Where? Why?

  11. Flood proofing • This is where buildings are either designed or altered to make them less at risk of flooding. • Do you recognise • this place?

  12. ACTIVITY: 1. Use the photo of Skipton, you have been given, to annotate with evidence of flood management. Try to identify evidence of the different types of hard and soft engineering. 2. Draw 2 spider diagrams, one for soft and one for hard engineering schemes and include their advantages and disadvantages. The Environment Agency manage floods in England and Wales.

  13. Your task: • You work for the Cumbrian Flood Action Group. • You have a brief to report to the Environment Agency and the Cumbrian County Council your views on the flood. • Go back to the previous page where you have already: • 1. Stuck the OS map of the area in to the centre of a double page, • 2. Around the edge of the map included details on why it happened, it’s impacts (social, economic and environmental) and the responses to the event.( Put these in neat boxes with headings) • NOW: • 3. On the same map label your ideas on which hard and soft engineering techniques should be used to protect Cockermouth against a future flood event of this magnitude. • Outline the benefits and problems of each around your base map. • You must also state your reasons for the choices you made (weighing up the balance between social, economic and environmental benefits). Be prepared to present this to the rest of the class! • Resources available to you: • You have been given a resources pack to help you produce your report, as well as a base map of the area to detail your ideas for your flood alleviation plan. • Use your notes on methods of flood protection looked at in lessons.

  14. What decisions have the Environment Agency made? Open the sealed envelope to find out! Cumbrian Floods of 2009What are the proposals for flood alleviation?Flood defence works begin!Innovative developments in Cockermouth.

  15. Plenary: Name and describe each method of flood management. a. c. b. Relief channels Washlands Floodwalls d. g. Flood warnings e. f. Channelisation Afforestation Floodplain zoning

  16. HARD SOFTEngineering Engineering Floodwalls Flood warnings Channelisation Floodplain zoning Flood relief channels Washlands Afforestation Flood relief channels Floodplain zoning Flood warnings Washlands Channelisation Afforestation Floodwalls

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