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Understanding Sound Waves: Types, Properties, and Applications

This guide explores sound waves, focusing on their characteristics, types, and applications. Sound waves are classified as longitudinal waves, consisting of compressions (regions of high density and pressure) and rarefactions (regions of lower density and pressure). We cover audible sound (20 Hz – 20,000 Hz), infrasonic waves (below 20 Hz), and ultrasonic waves (above 20,000 Hz). Discover how pitch relates to frequency, the speed of sound in different media, and applications like medical imaging and dolphin echolocation. Additionally, learn about the Doppler Effect, which describes how motion affects frequency.

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Understanding Sound Waves: Types, Properties, and Applications

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  1. Ch. 13 Sound

  2. Sound Waves • Longitudinal Waves • Compression – region of high density and pressure • Rarefaction – region of lower density and pressure

  3. Sound Waves • Audible sound – frequencies humans hear (20 Hz – 20,000 Hz) • Infrasonic waves – frequencies below 20 Hz • Ultrasonic waves – frequencies above 20,000 Hz

  4. Sound Waves • Pitch – the perceived highness or lowness of a sound • Frequency determines pitch

  5. Ultrasonic Waves • Can produce images due to their short wavelengths • Waves are partially reflected when they reach a boundary between materials with different densities • Many medical uses • Dolphin echolocation

  6. Sound Waves • The speed of sound depends on the medium • Sounds travel fastest through solids • Sounds travel slowest through gases • The speed of sound also depends on the temperature of the medium • Sounds travel faster as temperature increases

  7. Sound Waves • Sound waves travel in three dimensions • Assume their shape is spherical • Represented graphically by a series of circles

  8. Sound Waves • Each circle is a wave front (center of each compression)

  9. Sound Waves • Rays are perpendicular to wave fronts and show direction of wave motion

  10. Doppler Effect • Relative motion creates a change in frequency • The frequency shift is called the Doppler Effect

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