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Lightweight Speed and Distance Sensor for Skiers and Snowboarders

This project focuses on designing a lightweight speed and distance sensor for skiers and snowboarders, aiming to enhance performance and tracking capabilities. The sensor aims to improve accuracy while reducing costs compared to existing products that are often expensive, inconvenient, and inaccurate. The design specifications emphasize user safety, ease of use, waterproofing, and shock resistance. By integrating Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and GPS, the proposed solution promises superior accuracy and data reliability in various winter conditions.

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Lightweight Speed and Distance Sensor for Skiers and Snowboarders

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  1. ECE 480 Design Team 6 Michael Bekkala Michael Blair Michael Carpenter Matthew Guibord Abhinav Parvataneni Facilitator: Dr. Shanker Balasubramaniam Lightweight Speed and Distance Sensor for Skiers and Snowboarders

  2. Agenda • Background • Objective • Design Specifications • Potential Solutions • Proposed Solution • Conceptual flowchart and Hardware

  3. Goal of Competitive Sports • Win • Perform better than the competition • Improve performance • Requires tracking of statistics • Jump Higher • Run Faster • Hit Harder

  4. Bicycle Speedometer • Sensor mounts to wheel and frame • Counts time between wheel sensor passing frame sensor • Calculates wheel speed • Forward speed is proportional to rotation of wheel

  5. Nike Plus (Nike+) • Sensor placed in shoe • Determines how long pressure is applied to the foot • The time that pressure is applied is directly proportional to the runner’s speed

  6. Objective • Design a speed and distance sensor for skiing and snowboarding • Current Products: • Expensive • Inaccurate • Inconvenient • Objective: • Greater accuracy • Lower cost • Improve functionality

  7. Design Specifications • Safety • Disable display while moving • Functionality • User definable auto shutdown time • PC interface for data review • Ease of use in winter apparel • Packaging • Operate at subzero temperature (-10°F) • Shock resistant • Waterproof • Weigh less than 2 lbs • Cost - less than $500

  8. Potential Solutions • Relative Positioning • Inertial Navigation System (INS) • Global Positioning System (GPS) • Integration of INS and GPS

  9. 1. Relative Positioning • Transmitter locally placed • Sends out signal to receiver • More transmitters = Better accuracy • Receiver gets signal from transmitter • Calculates distance from transmitter • Derivative of distance = Speed

  10. 1. Relative Positioning • Advantages: • Accurate • Reliable • Independent of external systems • Disadvantages: • Complex • Requires a locally placed transmitter • Relative position vs. absolute position

  11. 2. Inertial Navigation System • 3 Accelerometers • Measure Linear Acceleration • X, Y, Z Directions • Integrate to get speed and distance • 3 Gyroscopes • Measure Angular Velocity • Pitch, Roll, Yaw • Integrate to get angular position • Coordinate conversion • Body Frame to ECEF

  12. 2. Inertial Navigation System • Advantages: • Very accurate for short periods of time • Updates faster than GPS • Disadvantages: • Requires at least 6 sensors • Susceptible to bias drifts • Error increases over time (t^2) • Requires initial condition

  13. 3. Global Positioning System • Receives time data from satellites • Requires very accurate timing • Atomic clocks on board satellites • Triangulates position • Uses distance from satellites • Fourth satellite used for error correction

  14. 3. Global Positioning System • Advantages: • Inexpensive • Low Power • Gives absolute position • Reliable over long periods of time • Disadvantages: • Low accuracy for moving targets

  15. 4. Integration of GPS and INS • Proposed Design • Combines both systems into one • Takes advantage of each system • Short term accuracy of INS • Long term reliability of GPS • GPS keeps INS errors in check • Use Kalman filter to improve accuracy of integrated system

  16. 4. Integration of INS and GPS • Advantages: • Most accurate • Takes advantage of each system • Gives absolute position • Disadvantages: • More complex • Requires heavy computation • Requires more hardware

  17. Conceptual Design

  18. Hardware Components Ardupilot Sensor Board - Six Degrees of Freedom • Three axis accelerometer (x,y,z) • One axis gyroscope (roll) Gyro Breakout Board - LPY5150AL Dual 1500°/s • Dual axis gyroscope • Senses pitch and yaw

  19. Hardware Components Venus GPS with SMA Connector • Up to 10Hz refresh rate • 28mA operating current • Accuracy is <2.5m Quadrifilar V Omnidirectional Passive GPS Antenna • Passive Antenna • -5dB Gain

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