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Starting Out with C++: Early Objects 5 th Edition

This chapter serves as an introduction to the fundamental components of C++ programming. It covers the essential parts of a C++ program, including the cout object for output, the #include directive, and the concepts of variables, constants, and the assignment statement. Explore how to output text to the console using cout, learn how to manage data types through variables and constants, and gain an understanding of the structure necessary to write a simple C++ program. Ideal for beginners looking to start their programming journey with C++.

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Starting Out with C++: Early Objects 5 th Edition

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  1. Starting Out with C++: Early Objects 5th Edition Chapter 2 Introduction to C++ Part I Starting Out with C++: Early Objects 5/e

  2. Readings • Sections 2.1 to 2.5

  3. Topics 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program 2.2 The cout Object 2.3 The #include Directive 2.4 Standard and Prestandard C++ 2.5 Variables, Constants, and the Assignment Statement

  4. comment preprocessor directive which namespace to use beginning of function named main beginning of block for main output statement send 0 back to operating system end of block for main 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program // sample C++ program #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello, there!"; return 0; }

  5. Special Characters

  6. 2.2 The cout Object • Displays information on computer screen • Use << to send information to cout cout << "Hello, there!"; • Can use << to send > 1 item to cout cout << "Hello, " << "there!"; Or cout << "Hello, "; cout << "there!";

  7. Starting a New Line • To get multiple lines of output on screen - Use endl cout << "Hello, there!" << endl; • Use \n in an output string cout << "Hello, there!\n";

  8. No ; here  2.3 The #include Directive • Inserts the contents of another file into the program • Is a preprocessor directive • Not part of the C++ language • Not seen by compiler • Example: #include <iostream>

  9. 2.4 Standard and Prestandard C++ Older-style C++ programs • Use .h at end of header files #include <iostream.h> • Do not use using namespace convention • May not compile with a standard C++ compiler

  10. data type variable name 2.5 Variables and Constants • Variable • Has a name and a type of data it can hold char letter; • Is used to reference a location in memory where a value can be stored • This value can be changed (i.e. can “vary”)

  11. Variables • If a new value is stored in the variable, it replaces the previous value • The previous value is overwritten and can no longer be retrieved int age; age = 17; // age is 17 cout << age; // Displays 17 age = 18; // Now age is 18 cout << age; // Displays 18

  12. Constants • Constant • Data item whose value does not change during program execution • Constants are also called literals 'A' // character constant "Hello" // string constant 12 // integer constant 3.14 // floating-point constant

  13. 2.5 Assignment Statement • Uses the = operator • Has a single variable on the left side and a value on the right side • Copies the value on the right into the variable on the left item = 12;

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