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Yakima Sahaptin Phonology and Morphology

Yakima Sahaptin Phonology and Morphology. Linguistics 200 Virginia Beavert Spring 2002. The Sahaptin language. Proto-Sahaptian 2 Sahaptin Nez Perce. Plateau languages. Phonology. Consonant phonemes. Phonology. Vowel phonemes. Vowel contrasts. i [pip š ] pipsh 'bone'

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Yakima Sahaptin Phonology and Morphology

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  1. Yakima Sahaptin Phonology and Morphology Linguistics 200 Virginia Beavert Spring 2002

  2. The Sahaptin language Proto-Sahaptian 2 Sahaptin Nez Perce

  3. Plateau languages

  4. Phonology Consonant phonemes

  5. Phonology Vowel phonemes

  6. Vowel contrasts • i [pipš] pipsh 'bone' • u [puqpuq] pukpúk 'soft, fluffy' • a [pap] pap 'daughter' •  [pc'm] pch'm 'bobcat'

  7. Long vs. short vowels • [a] vs. [a:] • [sts'at] sts'at 'night' • [sts'a:t] sts'aat 'dark' • [i] vs. [i:] • [pišiš] pishísh 'paternal aunt' • [ci:š] chiish 'water' • [u] vs. [u:] • [pjuš] pyush 'snake' • [pu:š] puush 'juniper'

  8. Stress contrasts

  9. [] = voiceless lateral fricative [ajaj] áyay 'rash, pimples' [p’u] p’u 'teardrop' [ap] ap 'leaf' cf. [l] [apl] ápl 'apple'

  10. [k] vs. [k'] [kupi] kúpi 'coffee' [k'usi]k'úsi 'horse' [kaas]kaas 'train' [k'ask'as]k'ásk'as 'small'

  11. [k] vs. [q] [qajli] kaylí 'shoe' [kajX] kayx 'drinking glass' [qaw] kaw 'separate' [kawX] kawx 'shiny'

  12. [q] vs. [q'] [qajX] kayx 'light, bright' [q'ajik] k'ayík 'colt, calf' [qa:šqa:š] kaashkáash 'roan' [q'a:X] k’aax 'torn'

  13. [qw] vs. [qw'] [qw'ašqw'aš] kw'áshkw'ash 'crane' [qwalqwal] kwálkwal 'turkey' [qwtqwt] kwtkwt 'thorny' [qw'šm] kw'shm 'mischievous'

  14. Morphology singular dual plural [p’u:s] [p’u:sin] [p’u:sma] 'cat' p'úus p'úusin p'úusma [spilja] [spiljajin] [spiljama] 'coyote' spílya spílyayin spílyama Affixation

  15. Reduplicative compounding singular plural [t'pi:p] [t'pi:p t'pi:p] 'wingdress' tl'piip tl'píip tl'piip [šp’aw] [šp’awšp’aw] 'ball' shp'aw shp'áw shp'aw [tk’u] [tk’utk’u] 'cattail' tk'u tk'ú tk'u

  16. Consonant symbolism bigger smaller n l š s [timaš] tímash ‘book’ [timas] tímas ‘paper’  [mjanaš] myánash ‘child’ [mjalas] myálas ‘infant’

  17. Affixation Verb structure: pronominal prefix- root(s) - direction - tense - pronominal suffixes Some verb roots: [qqnajwi]- kknáywi- 'be busy' [q'inu]- k'ínu- 'see' [tiwi]- tíwi- 'fight'

  18. A verb paradigm paradigm = set of related words [anawi]- anáwi- 'be hungry' -[ša] -sha imperfective (ongoing action)

  19. A verb paradigm

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