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Human Rights Policy in Chechnya

Human Rights Policy in Chechnya. Sydney Diana Hudson Chris. Policy. International Actors. International Policy. What are Human Rights? Policy from a National and international organization is determined by its political apparatus and the power base of that institution. The United Nations.

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Human Rights Policy in Chechnya

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  1. Human Rights Policy in Chechnya • Sydney • Diana • Hudson • Chris

  2. Policy International Actors

  3. International Policy • What are Human Rights? • Policy from a National and international organization is determined by its political apparatus and the power base of that institution.

  4. The United Nations • Power of the organization. • Players involved. • Policy towards the Chechen wars.

  5. European Union, NATO, Amnesty International • EU and NATO’s power vs. Amnesty International’s • Actions taken • Failure of human rights

  6. A History of the Chechen Conflict 1991-2004

  7. Post-WWII Peace and Growth1957-1980s • 1957: Repopulation • Burgeoning Wealth • Islamic extremism

  8. Chechnya Declares Independence1991 What is an A.S.S.R.? Why does that matter?

  9. Dzhokhar Dudayev1991-1996 Chechnya’s First Separatist President • Soviet Air Force • Refugees and Persecution • 1996: Assassinated

  10. First Chechen War1994-1996 • August 1994: Russian-backed Chechen opposition • Yeltsin hoping for quick victory • Russian air-raids and artillery • Chechen rebels use civilian structures for cover War torn Grozny

  11. Shamil BasayevSeparatist Warlord and Politician • Afgan Al-Qadia (Wahabbism) connections plus Chechen mafia • Claims responsibility for multiple acts of terrorism • Led defense of Grozny in First Chechen War • 1999: Chechnya-Dagestan alliance unsuccessful • 2002: Resigns official posts. “Uncontrollable” by separatist government Basayev with Separatist President Maskhadov

  12. Budyonnovsk Hospital Hostage CrisisJune 14-19 1995 • Chechen rebels led by Basayev • Demanded end to Chechen War • 1,500 hostages • 105 civilians killed • 25 police and soldiers killed • Russian Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin agrees to cease-fire

  13. Aslan Maskhadov1997-2005 Separatist President • Senior Military figure during First Chechen War • Peace talks with Russia • Coordination with the terrorist Basayev? • 2005: Assassinated

  14. Second Chechen War1999-present • 1999: Incursion to Dagestan and Moscow apartment bombings • Influx of Islamicradicalism (Chechen Diaspora, Wahabites) • Chechen terror campaign escalates 1 Sept. 2004: Beslan School Hostage Crisis

  15. Akhmad KadyrovPresident of theChechen Republic • Led jihad against Russia during First Chechen War • 1999: Denounced Basayev’s terror campaign • Rejected by Maskhadov’s government • 2003: Elected President with Russian backing

  16. Ramsan KadyrovDeputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic • Son of Akhmad Kadyrov • Not directly responsible to the federal Russian military • Credited with most of Russia’s human rights violations in Chechnya • Hero of Russia award

  17. International Actors & Involvement United States United Nations Council of Europe Other European Organizations

  18. United States • 1999: Clinton accuses Russia of violating Geneva Convention • Despite US warning, Russia intensifies it’s presence in Chechnya. Russian President Yeltsin with US President Bush

  19. United States • February 2005: Bush and Putin meet in Slovakia

  20. United Nations • 2001: UN condemns Russia for the conduct of its armed forces in Chechnya • 2002: UN resumes aid to Chechnya

  21. United Nations • 2002: Putin invites UN Human Rights chief to visit Chechnya in the future • 2004: UN declares plans to increase influence in Chechnya

  22. Council of Europe • 2003: PACE claims Russia failed to protect Chechen human rights • 2004: Hague agreement settled at EU/Russia Summit • 1 March 2005: 1st round of consultations • 8 September 2005: 2nd round of consultations

  23. Other European Actors • OSCE: in 2001 an assistance group began working in Chechnya • European Court: in 2003, court decided to hear the 1st six cases filed by Chechens against Russian Army

  24. Future Prospects Trends Recent events Recommendations

  25. Continuing Trends • Deteriorating conditions • Extrajudicial Executions • Disappearances • Chechen troops replacing federal troops as the main perpetrators of human rights abuses • Spreading violence to Ingushetia • Violence endangering NGO representatives in Chechnya and Ingushetia • Russian federal officials limiting NGO access

  26. Recent Events • Parliamentary Elections • Kadyrov elected President of Chechen branch of United Russia Party • Pending Legislation

  27. Recommendations • Russia needs to take accountability for Ramsan Kadyrov • Restructure the UN Commission on Human Rights • Chechnya needs to control separatist terrorists such as Basayev • The EU and Russia should focus consultations on future prospects • Make effective investigations and prosecutions against human rights violations

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