PIA2000

1. PIA2000 Introduction to Public Affairs

2. Summary of Themes: First Six Weeks Week One: Introduction of Comparative Methodology: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Management Week Two: Participation and Public Affairs- Debates about Democracy and Pluralism Week Three: Historical Models vs. Contemporary Models of Government: Law and Order vs. Socio-Economic Change

3. Summary of Themes: Continued Week 4: Socio-economic Motives, Structures and Processes of Governance- Regime Types- Political Economy Week 5: Clients and Group Dynamics: Dysfunctionalism and the Politics of Reform Week 6: Recruitment, Education and Training: Merit vs. Representation vs. Political Control

4. Overview: Recruitment, Education and Training I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building? II. Recruitment, Education and Training III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector IV. Human Resource Development: Redux VI. Theories of Recruitment VII. Representation VIII. Territorial Administration

5. I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building? • Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done • Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital

6. The Strategy

7. Social Capital? How International

8. Strategy of Human Development • Understand Concepts explaining transformation • Combinations of welfare and human resource development?

11. World Bank Institute

12. HRD Concepts 1. Socialization- More Next week 2. Status vs. Role 3. Counter-Roles 4. Role Theory

13. Role Development

14. “Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”

15. The Issues II. Recruitment, Education and Training

16. Alternative Choices-1 • 1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity) • 2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community • 3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme) • 4. Basic Needs

17. The Hierarchy of Needs

18. Alternative Choices-2 5. Management Development 6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument? 7. Civil Society- Is this an HRD issue?

19. The Poverty Debate and Education- Waiting for Superman?

20. Alternative Choices-3 8. NGOs and Development: a. Social Development or left wing privatization? b. Scaling-up and self-spreading 9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes) 10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?

21. Gender and Development Issues

22. Societal Development- A Macro-Approach Idea

23. III. Elite Recruitment- Focus:Entry into Public Sector Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?

24. Canadian View of Human Rights Public Sector- Edmonton Alberta

25. Three Models of Recruitment 1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage 2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control (“Spoils”) “Schedule C” 3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability

26. Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844. “To the Victor belongs the Spoils”

27. 4. Crisis Recruitment: War or Panic (U.K.)

28. Mini-Discussion What is the best way to recruit? Political Merit Representation

29. Recruitment Problems a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions

30. Recruitment in Guyana (South America)

31. IV. Human Resource Development: Redux 1. The Key to Merit 2. Issue:the difference between Education and Training 3. Professional vs. Management

32. Training Education The Difference

33. Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- • Importance of "Professional Class” • Role of Professional Schools in producing that class. • U.S model of open System

34. Closed vs. Open Systems: Age Equals Access to Jobs

35. Early, middle or late entry Deep political control and The possibility of "in and out" The U.S. System

36. A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice

37. European Systems- Inherited by Much of World 1. Historically closed 2. Class based and 3. Limited to early entry

38. Arthur Boyd(1920 - 1999)’S Painting:The Half Caste Child

39. Theories of Recruitment: John Armstrong's Classification • Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision) • Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model • Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)

40. Differences in Closed Classes • administrative • professional • Executive • Technical • Clerical • Industrial • Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education (France, Germany, U.K.)

41. Monday, March 12, 2007(French General Elections) The European choice and the elites - a la' mode Française Cézanne, “Still life with skull”

42. Top Administrators • a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist • b. Russia- Engineers • c. France- Legal/Technical • d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist • e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse

43. TEN MINUTE BREAK

44. VII. Representation: The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates • U.S. - Race and Gender • Europe- Culture and Religion • South Africa: Ethnicity • Asia: Language

45. Recruitment: A Scandinavian Perspective

46. Concept of training Public Administration- skills analogy- business administration and engineering as models Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid

47. Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

48. Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont. • Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa • Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy

49. The Only Game in Town?

50. A Cultural Comparison