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The Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect Tense. How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?. The Past Perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past . This is the past in the past . EXAMPLE : The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left. Action 1.

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The Past Perfect Tense

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  1. The Past Perfect Tense

  2. How do we use the Past Perfect Tense? • The Past Perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. EXAMPLE : • The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.

  3. Action 1 Action 2 a. Both and are past actions. Action 1 Action 2 b. happened before . Action 1 Action 2 Use Example 1: The train had gone when I arrived at the station.

  4. Past Now Future I arrived Use Time line of Example 1: The train had gone when I arrived at the station. The train had gone We don’t know when exactly the train went (Action 1) but it went at any point of time before the moment I arrived (Action 2).

  5. To talkabout a pastactionthatendedbeforeanotheractionor time in thepast, we use before and after. We use the simple pasttoo. The film hadstartedbeforewearrived. PastperfectPast Simple Wearrivedafterthe film hadstarted. Past Simple Pastperfect

  6. Wealso use thepastperfect to show the cause of a pastaction I wastiredonMondaybecause I hadn’tsleptwellthenightbefore. • With time expressionssuch as when, after, before, as soon as, • WhenI got home, mymotherhadalreadyprepareddinner

  7. The key words of this tense are: as soon as {had+PP} , Past simple after As soon as the teacher came in. I had arrived to class,

  8. The key words of this tense are: before past simple Had+PP Mary had finished her homework before the teacher arrived.

  9. Make similar sentences using after and before. Finish work-watch TV After I had finished work , I watched TV Before I watched TV , I had finished my work.

  10. The structure of the past perfect tense is:

  11. The Past Perfect Continuous

  12. Past perfect continuoushad + been + ing • It is used to talk about actions that were in progress up to another past action or time. I had been doing my homework when she arrived. • It expresses a sense that the action was ongoing and is often used with for, since, all day, all night

  13. Past Perfect Progressive It tells us about the length of the action and the specific point when it ended. It occurs with since or for to specify the durationof the action.I had been playing for two hours when I fell and twisted my ankle.

  14. When the race started, it was raining and the streets were wet.(It was still raining during the race)When the race started, it had been raining and the streets were wet.(It wasn’t raining during the race. It had already stopped)

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