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FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS. Stairs. Wong Chear Ching chearching@gmail.com. S T AIRS. 1. Why do we need to learn about Stairs. Interconnectivity of space Accessibility Circulation / Flow Fire escape Functional requirements Design considerations Types of Stairs.

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FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

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  1. FBE04 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS Stairs Wong ChearChing chearching@gmail.com

  2. STAIRS 1

  3. Why do we need to learnabout Stairs • Interconnectivity of space • Accessibility • Circulation /Flow • Fireescape • Functionalrequirements • Designconsiderations • Types ofStairs

  4. OBJECTIVES State the functional requirements ofstairs Define the various terminology related tostairs Identify the different forms of staircase construction and list the design considerations ofstaircases. Describe the characteristics of different staircases and compare their advantages and disadvantages. 4

  5. Introduction Staircases provide a mean of access between different floor levels within abuilding 5

  6. Functions ofStairs • To allow normal access from floor tofloor • To allow escape from upper floors in the event of fire 6

  7. FunctionalRequirement Strength &stability Fire Resistance Sound Insulation Aesthetics

  8. CLASSIFICATION ShapeMaterials Straight Timber flight Concrete Quarter turn Steel Brick Dogleg Spiral

  9. Configuration ofStaircases

  10. Configuration ofStaircases

  11. Straight FlightStairs

  12. Quarter TurnStairs

  13. Half Turn (dog-leg)Staircases

  14. SpiralStairs

  15. CLASSIFICATION ShapeMaterials Straight Timber flight Concrete Quarter turn Steel Brick Dogleg Spiral

  16. TimberStairs

  17. ConcreteStairs

  18. BrickStairs

  19. MetalStairs

  20. CompositeStairs • combination of at least two different materials • made of concrete or steel • composite stairs are steel support with concrete or timber treads

  21. Components of AStaircase • Treads andRisers • Strings • ClosedString • Open or CutString • Landings • Balustrades • Openbalustrade • Closedbalustrade

  22. Cut to the profile of the treadsand risers to supportthem OpenStrings

  23. Encloses the treads and risers which it supports and top edge protrude 50- 63mm abovenosing ClosedStrings

  24. Landings

  25. Handrail,Baluster & NewelPost Baluster Handrail Newelpost 24

  26. Consists of framed or unframed panels acting as baluster to support thehandrail ClosedBalustrades

  27. Vertical balusters spaced at certain interval to support the handrail OpenBalustrades

  28. Handrails & Balustrades

  29. StairTerminology

  30. StairTerminology

  31. Basic DesignConsiderations • The risers and treads within each flight of stairs shall be of uniform height and size. Riser • The height of a riser shall not be more than 175 mm. The width of a tread shall not be less than 275 mm. The width of a tread of any staircase in any residential unit shall not be less than 225mm. The width of a tread of any staircase in any industrial building shall not be less than 250mm. The width of the tread of any tapered step shall be taken as that when measured at a distance of 500mm from the narrowerend. Tread

  32. Basic DesignConsiderations • The pitch of the stair shall be a maximum of42°. The clearance of headroom should not be less than 2.0 m measured vertically above pitchline.

  33. Basic DesignConsiderations • A landing shall be provided at everyfloor • level and dooropening. • Except for spiral staircases, an intermediate landing shall be provided in between floor levels at intervals of not more than 18risers. • The clear width of any landing, measured from the handrail or kerb (whichever protrudes further into the landing) to the wall or external railing of the landing, shall not be less than 900mm 32

  34. Width of Stair & Landing (min900mm)

  35. Basic DesignConsiderations • A handrail shall be provided on at least one sideof the flight of staircase • The height of the handrail shall be between 750mm and 1000mm above the pitchline. • Where there is a vertical drop in level of 1.0 m or more (for a staircase with more than say 5 steps), appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent people from falling from a height. Where a barrier is used to prevent falling from a height, the barrier shall not have any feature that facilitates the climbing of the barrier. The height of a barrier shall not be less than 1.0 m. The height of a barrier at the flight of stairs is measured vertically from the pitch line to the top of thebarrier.

  36. Basic DesignConsiderations • Handrailsshall: • have a circular section of 32mm to 50mm in diameter or an equivalent gripping surface; and • have a clear space between the handrail and all wall surface – • (i) not less than 40mm;or • (ii) at least 60mm where the wall has a rough surface. • A recess containing ahandrail shall extend at least450mm 35 above the top of therail

  37. Basic DesignConsiderations For a flight ofstaircase, In all buildings, except for industrial buildings, any triangular opening or void formed around a tread, riser and the bottom edge of the barrier, the size of any opening or gap shall not be large enough as to permit the passage of a sphere of a diameter of 150mm. In all buildings, except for industrial buildings, the gap size between any two consecutive steps shall not be large enough as to permit the passage of a sphere of a diameter of 100mm;and In industrial buildings, the gap size between any two consecutive steps shall not be large enough as to permit the passage of a sphere of a diameter of 150mm.

  38. Basic DesignConsiderations • Number of risers is not to exceed 18 in any flight of steps. Except for spiral, circular or geometric staircases, an intermediate landing shall be provided in between floor levels at intervals of not more than 18risers. • The width of landings should not be less than the width of thestairway.

  39. ConcreteStaircases • Mostcommon • Advantages • good fireresistance • Strong • better soundinsulation • Disadvantages • Slow in erection –wet process • Propertraining required

  40. ConcreteStaircases • Requirements: • Concrete Grade 30 orabove • Minimumconcretecover 20mm • Waist thickness between 100 to250mm • Mild steel or high yield steel bars can be used as reinforcement • Handrail to be at least 900 mm above the pitchline

  41. ConcreteStaircases Hand- railing Min 900mm Concretecover Waistthickness

  42. ConcreteStaircases • Finishes • Warehouse – natural finishes. Add carborundumdust • / rubber strips for slipresistance • PVCtiles • Rubbertiles • Carpetmats

  43. ConcreteStaircases

  44. PrecastStaircases • Advantages • Betterquality control • Saving insite space • Fasterconstruction • Installationis • simple. • Disadvantages • Requiresmass production.

  45. PrecastStaircases Precast ConcreteTreads

  46. PrecastStaircases

  47. PrecastStaircases

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