2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

1. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

2. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system • What are the functions of the lymphatic system? • What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity? • How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system? • What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

3. The Lymphatic System What are the functions of the lymphatic system? 1. Fluid Balance 2. Lymphocyte Production 3. Filtration 4. Immunity 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

4. The Lymphatic System Fluid balance - lymph vessels collect excess fluid from tissues and deposit it in the bloodstream 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

5. The Lymphatic System Lymphocyteproduction • How your lymphatic system responds to sickness!! • Lymphocytes produce antibodies • Antibodies (aka: immunoglobins) latch onto and kill specific bacteria and viruses 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

6. The Lymphatic System Filtration • Lymph nodes filter out harmful substances 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

7. The Lymphatic System Immunity • Ability to resist a disease • Several ways to get immunity: • 1.Natural • Acquired • 2.Passive acquired • Active acquired • 3.Natural acquired • 4.Artificial acquired 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

8. The Lymphatic System 1. Natural immunity • Born with • Inherited and permanent • Examples: unbroken skin 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

9. The Lymphatic System Immunity Acquired (not born with) • Can either be Passive acquired or Active acquired 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

10. The Lymphatic System 2. Passive Acquired immunity: • PASSIVE = GIVEN • Antibodies injected into you • Immediate immunity • Only lasts 3-5 weeks • Used when you’ve been exposed to disease and need protection immediately • Another example: baby from mother’s breast milk 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

11. The Lymphatic System ACTIVE Acquired immunity: • ACTIVE = YOU MADE antibodies yourself because were exposed to a disease (lasts longer) • Can either be Natural Acquired Immunity or Artificial Acquired Immunity 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

12. The Lymphatic System • 3. NATURAL (Active) Acquired Immunity: • NATURAL = HAD DISEASE • Result of having had and recovered from a disease 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

13. The Lymphatic System • 4. ARTIFICIAL (Active) Acquired Immunity: • ARTIFICIAL = NEVER HAD IT • Result of being given vaccine, antigen or toxoid • Ex’s: flu shot, MMR… 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

14. The Lymphatic System Immunity Flowchart 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

15. The Lymphatic System • Immune Response: • Hypersensitivity – occurs when your body’s immune system forms antibodies (aka immunoglobins) that irritate certain body cells • Antibodies irritate airway – asthma • Antibodies irritate eyes and nose membranes – runny nose and itchy eyes • Antibodies irritate skin – hives and rash •  One type of hypersensitivity is an allergy 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

16. The Lymphatic System Immune Response: Hypersensitivity – 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

17. The Lymphatic System Immune Response: Hypersensitivity – 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

18. The Lymphatic System Anaphylacticshock • Severe allergic reaction • Antigen-antibody reaction that stimulates a massive secretion of histamine • Symptoms: Swelling, difficulty breathing, hives, low BP • Can be deadly if not treated • Treated with shot of adrenaline (EpiPen) and antihistamines 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

19. The Lymphatic System AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) • Suppresses body’s immune system • HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) – virus that destroys T4-lymphocyte cells • HIV can progress to AIDS • Have AIDS once T4 count gets low enough or once opportunistic infections are seen • Diagnosed with a blood or saliva test 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

20. The Lymphatic System AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome (AIDS) • HIV transmitted via sexual contact, infected needles, in utero or from blood transfusion • Initial flulike symptoms common within first few weeks after exposure, then may not have symptoms for as long as 10 years (CAN STILL BE SPREAD) • HIV symptoms: enlarged lymph glands >3mo, fatigue, weight loss, frequent fevers and yeast infections • AIDS symptoms: above + opportunistic infections including tuberculosis, pneumonia, different cancers, parasitic and fungal infections • Treated with antiviral drugs to help slow down virus. No cure.

21. The Lymphatic System Cancer • Malignant tumor = abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. • Why is cancer included in the lymphatic system? • When a cancer cell breaks off from a tumor, it can travel to other places in the body via the lymph vessels or blood vessels. • When it goes via the lymph vessels, it may end up in lymph nodes. • Nearby lymph nodes are often biopsied to see if cancer has metastasized there. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

22. The Lymphatic System Hodgkin’sdisease • Type of cancer of the lymph nodes • Symptoms include painless swelling of the lymph nodes • Treated with chemotherapy and radiation • Most common in young adults (15-30) 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

23. The Lymphatic System Infectiousmononucleosis • “Mono” “the kissing disease” • Caused by Epstein-Barr virus • Spread by oral contact (actually saliva) • Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, mental and physical fatigue • Marked increase in number of leukocytes • Treat symptoms; bed rest is important 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

24. The Lymphatic System LymphadenitisLymphadenitis • Inflammation of the lymph nodes “swollen glands” • Usually caused by node exposure to bacteria or virus • Symptoms: tender, swollen lymph nodes • Treated by treating underlying cause 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

25. The Lymphatic System Lymphedema • Caused by blockage in lymphatic system • Prevents lymph fluid from draining well builds up  swelling (edema) • Usually just in one arm or leg, can be both • Usually caused by the removal of or damage to your lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment. • Treatments: Light exercise, wrapping, massage 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

26. The Lymphatic System Tonsillitis – inflammation of tonsils • Symptoms: swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, tender lymph nodes, fever • Treatment: • Viral – rest, fluids, saltwater gargle • Bacterial – above + antibiotics • Tonsils removed if: • Frequent tonsillitis (>7/year) • Bacterial not responding to antibiotics • Obstruct airway 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

27. The Lymphatic System Autoimmune Disorders – condition where the body immune system attacks its own tissues • Lupus erythematosus • Scleroderma 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

28. The Lymphatic System Lupuserythematosus – autoimmune disease where body attacks its own tissue. Can cause inflammatory process in almost any body systems. • Classic symptom: BUTTERFLY SHAPED RASH ON FACE (CHEEKS AND BRIDGE OF NOSE) • Other symptoms: fatigue, rashes, joint pain. Severe cases attack kidneys, brain, blood or lung. • Managed by avoiding triggers (sunlight, certain meds) and taking anti-inflammatory meds, immunosuppressants • Most cases do not affect lifespan

29. The Lymphatic System Scleroderma • Autoimmune disorder with stiffening of the skin and blood vessels • Results from an overproduction and accumulation of collagen (fibrous protein) • Symptoms: (organ involvement worse/longer) • stiffening of patches of skin  difficulty moving! • Raynaud’s – blood vessels in fingers and toes spasm • Stiffening of lung tissue  difficulty breathing! (more rare) • Treated: immunosuppressants, pain meds, physical/occ. therapy

30. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system • What are the functions of the lymphatic system? • What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity? • How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system? • What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system