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Exploring Cell Structure: A Comprehensive Guide

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Dive into the world of cell biology with detailed insights on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, functions, and more. Enhance your knowledge with interactive resources and quizzes.

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Exploring Cell Structure: A Comprehensive Guide

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Today’s Data Here • Objective Here!

  2. Brainteaser • What is put on a table and cut, but never eaten?

  3. Bell Work • Prokaryotes lack • cytoplasm. • a nucleus. • a cell membrane. • genetic material.

  4. Let’s Review • What is a prokaryotic cell? • Who was the first person to coin the term cells? • What does the cell theory say? • Who developed the cell theory?

  5. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  6. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic No nucleus Nucleus

  7. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  8. Eukaryotic Cells

  9. Cell Parts Organelles

  10. Nucleus • Is made of 4 parts: • Chromatin • Nucleolus • Nuclear Envelope • Nuclear Pore

  11. Chromatin • A network of strands that undergoes coiling into rod-like structures called chromosomes, just before the cell divides.

  12. Nucleolus • Where the Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced and where tRNA joins with proteins to form subunits of ribosome's

  13. Nuclear Envelope and Pores • Nuclear Envelope Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm • Nuclear Pores permits the passage of proteins into and out of the nucleus

  14. Responsibility of the Nucleus • Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: • Holds the DNA • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by • nuclear membrane • 4. Contains genetic material - DNA

  15. Ribosomes • Function: • makes proteins • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  16. Endoplasmic Reticulum Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell Rough ER Smooth ER No ribosome's Makes fats and lipids Have Ribosome's Makes proteins

  17. Golgi Apparatus/Bodies • Nickname: The shippers • Appearance: stack of pancakes Function: • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  18. Lysosome • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Appearance: circular, but bigger than ribosomes Function: • to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. Peroxisomes • Are abundant in cells that metabolize lipids; in liver and yeast cells they detoxify alcohol.

  20. Centriole • Found in animal cells only • Involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and in the completion of cytokinesis

  21. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  22. Mitochondria • Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: • Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  23. Cytoskeleton • Provides the cell's cytoplasm with structure and shape. There are 3 kinds: • Filaments • Microfilaments • microtubules

  24. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  25. Cell Membrane • Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  26. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!! Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell. Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Vacuoles Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

  27. Cell Walls • provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as a filtering mechanism.

  28. Put your skills to the test! • http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm • http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/drag_gr11/organell.htm

  29. A biology student observed the cellsshown below under a microscope. • These cells most likely came from • A. an animal. • B. an archaebacterium. • C. a fungus. • D. a plant.

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