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Models for Thermal & Thermal : Pave the way for heat control

Models for Thermal & Thermal : Pave the way for heat control. B aowen Li ( 李保文 ) Nonlinear and Complex Systems Lab Department of Physics. Acknowledgement. Collaborators: Lei Wang (Temasek Lab, NUS) Giulio Casati (Como, Italy and NUS) Financial Support:

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Models for Thermal & Thermal : Pave the way for heat control

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  1. Models for Thermal & Thermal : Pave the way for heat control Baowen Li (李保文) Nonlinear and Complex Systems Lab Department of Physics IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  2. Acknowledgement • Collaborators: • Lei Wang (Temasek Lab, NUS) • Giulio Casati (Como, Italy and NUS) • Financial Support: • NUS Faculty Research Grant • Temasek Young Investigator Award • (DSTA - Defense Science and Technology Agency , Singapore) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  3. Outline • Introduction • Motivations and objective • Thermal diode: • Rectification of heat flux • Thermal Transistor • Pave the way for heat control • 4 Summary • BL, LWang, G Casati, PRL 93, 184301 (2004) (27 Oct.) (Diode) • BL, LWang, G Casati, PRL 94, xx(2005), cond-mat/0410172. (Transistor) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  4. What is the most important invention in the 20th century? • Transistor was probably the most • important invention in the 20th century! IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  5. IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  6. Brief History of (Electric) Transistor • Dec. 1947 (J. Barden and W. Brattain) • June 1948 (Made public Annoucement) • July 1951 FET (W Shockley - a Theorist) • Sept. 1951 (Transistor Symposium to comm. • Licence for 25,000US$) • 1953 (Mass production by RAYTHEON) Bell Lab Texas Instrument IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  7. J. Bardeen and BrattainPhys. Rev. 74, 230 (1948) (Letters to the editor) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  8. How about heat? • Can we invent similar device to control heat? • Heat is more important than electricity for human being and other forms of life. IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  9. Daily life experience Energy saving materials IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  10. Electronic Industry Efficient thermal remover/taker for electronic chips THE STRAITS TIMES: Tuesday, May 18, 2004 IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  11. Defence • Cosy uniform • Infrared invisible materials IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  12. 2. Diode: one way street IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  13. 2. Thermal diode/Rectifier IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  14. 2. Thermal diode/rectifier • Question: • Can we control heat flow in solid state device? • If TL > T R, heat flows from left to right. • If TL < T R, heat flow is inhibited from right to left. TL TR IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  15. 2. Thermal diode/rectifier IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  16. Terraneo, Peyrard, and CasatiPRL 99, 094302 (2002) |J+/J-|~ 1.7 IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  17. New configuration? T+ T- T- T+ IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  18. Configuration of the diode model from two coupled nonlinear oscillator chains IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  19. Heat conduction properties of the Frenkel-Kontorova model (BH,BLi,HZ, PRE 57, 2992 (1998). IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  20. Heat conduction properties of the Frenkel-Kontorova model (BH,BLi,HZ, PRE 57, 2992 (1998). IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  21. Heat conduction properties of the Frenkel-Kontorova model (BH,BLi,HZ, PRE 57, 2992 (1998). Temperature profile For N=100,200, 300 dT/dx ~ 1/N IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  22. Heat conduction properties of the Frenkel-Kontorova model (BH,BLi,HZ, PRE 57, 2992 (1998)). Heat current J~ 1/N Thermal Conductivity: IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  23. Phonon band of the Frenkel-Kontorova model • Low temperature limit: • High temperature limit: • Maximal rectifying efficiency: IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  24. IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  25. I-V curve (Li and Wang and Casati, PRL 93, 184301(2004) T+ T- T- T+ IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  26. (a) Heat current vs coupling constant (b) Temperature profile IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  27. Heat current versus the ratio of two lattice constants IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  28. Finite size effect IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  29. Transistor: witching and Amplification 1. Bipolar Transistor (Barden and Brattain) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  30. MOSFET VD(+) D(Drain) ID IG VG IG≈ 0, ID≈ IS G(Gate) IS S(Source) VS(-) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  31. How to build a thermal transistor ? To TS TD JD JG TG J Differentil thermal resistance: JS JD T0~TG TS TD IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  32. How to build a thermal transistor? Current amplification: • The thermal transistor never works !!! IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  33. How to build a thermal transistor? • Think something differently!!! JD • How about if one of the • thermal resistance • is negative? JS T0~TG IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  34. Negative differential thermal resistance /conductance IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  35. III Negative Differential Thermal Resistance/Conductance (BLi et al. cond-mat/0410172) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  36. III. Negative differential thermal resistance/conductance:The physical mechanism (BLi et al. cond-mat/0410172) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  37. IV. Thermal transistor: configuration (BLi et al. cond-mat/0410172) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  38. IV. Thermal transistor:A switch (BLi et al. cond-mat/0410172) At the three points TG=.04, .09, .14 JG=0 JD=2.4e-6, 1.1e-4, 2.3e-4 2.3e-4/2.4e-6~100 IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  39. IV Thermal Transistor: Modulator/Amplifier(BLi et al. cond-mat/0410172) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  40. Temperature (simulation): T ~ (0.1 ~ 1) Real temperature Tr ~ (10 ~ 100K) System size: Simulation: N ~(100-1000) Lattice sites Real size:(10-100nm) Possible nanomaterials: Nanotubes, Nanowires, Thin film …. IV. Possible nanoscale experiment IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  41. III Summary • Rectifying effect is very generic in nonlinear lattices. • A thermal diode model is proposed. • A thermal transistor model is built based on the • negative differential thermal resistance. • Physical mechanism for the thermal diode/transistor are fully understood. IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  42. Heat conduction Related Publications • B Li, L Wang, and G Casati, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) (in press) cond-mat/0410172 (transistor) • B Li, L Wang, and G Casati, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 184301 (2004) (diode) • B Li, G Casati, J Wang, and T Prosen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 254301 (2004) • J.-S Wang and B. Li, Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 074302(2004) • B Li and J Wang,Phys. Rev. Lett92, 089402 (2004) • B Li and J Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett91, 044301 (2003) • B Li, L Wang, and B HuPhys. Rev. Lett88, 223901 (2002) • B Li, H Zhao, and B HuPhys. Rev. Lett87, 069402 (2001) • B Li, H Zhao, and B Hu Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 63 (2001) • B Li, J Wang, L Wang, and G Zhang, CHAOS (FPU’s 50th focus issue, 2005 March), cond-mat/0410355 • G Zhang and B Li, Phys. Rev. B. cond-mat/0403393 • G Zhang and B Li, Phys. Rev. E. cond-mat/0406498. • J.-S Wang and B Li, Phys. Rev. E70, 021204 (2004) • B Li, G Casati, and J Wang, Phys. Rev. E67, 021204 (2003) • B Hu, B Li and H Zhao,Phys. Rev. E61, 3828 (2000) • B Hu, B Li, and H Zhao, Phys. Rev. E57, 2992 (1998) IMS, 26 Nov 2004

  43. Thank You! IMS, 26 Nov 2004

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