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Understanding Basic Physics in Process Technology

Explore the application of physical and mechanical systems, career opportunities, and design concepts. Understand physics laws, fluid flow, matter structure, and heat transfer. Learn about temperature, energy, and state changes. Discover the importance of physics in troubleshooting industrial processes.

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Understanding Basic Physics in Process Technology

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  1. Introduction to Process Technology Unit 4 Basic Physics

  2. Objectives • TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) • Describe application of physical and mechanical systems • Describe career oportunities • Apply design concepts • Identify emerging issues with these systems

  3. Today’s Agenda • What is Physics? • Properties and Structure of Matter • Temperature Transfer • Temperature and Evaporation • Physics Laws • Fluid Flow

  4. What is Physics? • Physics is the study of force on matter and energy • Matter – something that has mass and volume • Energy – anything that causes matter to change, but does not have properties of matter

  5. Why Physics is Important to Proc Techs • Explains the basic principles of the equipment they use on a day-to-day basis. Examples – • Allows them to understand the processes used to convert raw products to end products

  6. Why Physics is Important to Proc Techs • Allows them to understand how to troubleshoot the process or to identify a problem and then solve the problem • Allows them to understand how the process affects other processes downstream

  7. Conservation of Matter • Matter cannot be created or destroyed; only changed • Matter is considered to be indestructible

  8. Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only changed • Energy is considered to be indestructible

  9. States of Energy • Potential – energy in a stored state • Kinetic – energy in an active state (energy of motion or velocity)

  10. Structure of Matter • Atoms – smallest unit of an element • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons • Molecule – substance comprised of 2 or more atoms

  11. Structure of Matter (Continued) • Atomic Number • Atomic Weight

  12. Matter and its States • Solids • Liquids • Gases & Vapors • Plasma

  13. Extensive Properties of Matter • Mass • Weight • Volume • Length

  14. Intensive Properties of Matter • Density • Specific Gravity • Buoyancy • Viscosity

  15. Intensive Properties of Matter • Inertia • Force • Pressure

  16. Intensive Properties of Matter • Elasticity • Speed / Velocity • Friction

  17. Heat Transfer • British Thermal Unit (BTU) – English System • Calorie – Metric System

  18. Heat Transfer • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

  19. Heat Transfer • Specific Heat • Latent Heat • Sensible Heat • Superheated

  20. Temperature and State Changes • Temperature • Boiling • Evaporation • Melting

  21. Boiling Point • The temperature of a liquid when its vapor pressure = the surrounding pressure • Vapor pressure • A measure of a liquid’s volatility and tendency to form a vapor • A function of the physical and chemical properties of the liquid

  22. Relationship of Boiling Point/vapor pressure/ surrounding pressure • Liquids w/ High VP – Low BP • Liquids w/ Low VP – High BP • As surrounding Pressure increases, then BP of liquid increases

  23. Temperature and State Changes • Condensing • Freezing • Sublimation

  24. Temperature Scales • Fahrenheit - oF • Celsius - oC • Kelvin - oK = oC + 273 • Rankine - oR = oF + 460

  25. Pressure Gauge Measurement • Gauge Pressure (psig) – pressure measured with respect to sea level. Any pressure above atmospheric. • Pressure due to atmosphere = 14.7 PSIA • PSIG = PSIA - 14.7 • Absolute Pressure (psia) = Gauge pressure + atmospheric • PSIG + 14.7 • Vacuum Pressure (psiv) < 14.7

  26. Atmospheric pressure – Conversion factors • 14.7 psi • 760 mm Hg • 29.92 in Hg

  27. Vapor Pressure – higher bond strength, the lower the vapor pressure • Boiling Point – lower the vapor pressure, higher the boiling point. Increase the pressure, increase the boiling point • Melting Point • Freezing Point

  28. To the Textbook • Chapter 10 – Basic Physics (pages 130 – 155) • Read pages 130 – 136 • Answer questions 1 – 14 on pages 152 - 154

  29. Physics Laws • Boyle’ Law • Charles’ Law • Gay-Lussac’s Law • General (Ideal) Gas Law • Dalton’s Law • Bernoulli’s Law

  30. NASA Video

  31. NASA Video

  32. General Gas Law • P1V1 = P2V2 n1T1 n2T2

  33. Why Attention to Pressure is Important Working with vacuums Tanker Implodes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz95_VvTxZM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Overpressure situation

  34. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

  35. Bernoulli Principle

  36. Bernoulli’s Principle

  37. Fluid Flow • Laminar Flow • Turbulent Flow

  38. Laminar Flow

  39. Turbulent Flow

  40. Turbulent flow

  41. Factors Affecting Flow • Viscosity • Friction • Obstructions

  42. Gas Laws and Flow Principles in Action • Balloon Rockets – Conceptual Physics lab manual pages 55 & 56 • Incorporate the 8 Principles of Engineering Design link • Work up preliminary sketches prior to launch • Write up observations and learnings

  43. Summary • Chapter 10 – questions 15 – 25 pages 154 & 155 • Homework – Worksheets from college manual • Activity – Floating Egg (textbook page 155)

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