The Road to Revolution The French and Indian War or the 7 years war. Question # 4

1. The Road to Revolution The French and Indian War or the 7 years war. Question # 4 Do you think people have the right to take land if it belongs to someone else?

2. Frontier Conflict • After 50 years of peaceful relations with Native Americans in New England, tensions increased when the Wampanoag leader, Metacomet, began to distrust the colonists. • He felt colonists did not respect the Indians and wanted to take their lands • Unhappy that more and more lands were being sold to settlers in exchange for European goods • Metacomet said he would no longer deal with the governors of the colonies. He demanded to deal only with the King of England himself. • Colonists began to refer to him as “King Philip” since he had compared himself to the English King, Charles II.

3. King Philip’s War • Metacomet felt the English wanted to take his people’s lands • The English felt he was out to destroy them • An Indian named John Sassamon reported that the Wampanoag were planning an attack. • Sassamon was later found murdered. • Three Indians were arrested and hanged

4. King Philip’s War • Violence erupted in 1675 • Both sides attacked settlements, killing men, women, and children • Massachusetts government offered “scalp bounties” for the scalps of Indian men, women, & children • Some Indians joined the colonists and fought against Metacomet. • Their interest was economic. The English had European goods the Indians wanted (tools, weapons, etc) so it was in their economic interest to help the settlers. • Also used were the “Praying Indians” who had been converted to a type of Christianity • Fighting ended in 1676. Metacomet had been killed. • Metacomet was drawn and quartered. His head placed on a pike.

5. Trouble with France • In the 17th and 18th centuries, England and France fought several major wars. • Sometimes these wars started in Europe and spread to North America. • Sometimes they started in North America. • After Queen Anne’s War, Great Britain (England) received the Hudson Bay, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland in the peace agreement. France was losing ground.

6. French and Indian War • In the mid 1700s, France and Britain began to squabble over the Ohio Valley region and the Great Lakes. • France decided to strengthen its claim by building new forts in the area. • Virginia also claimed the area where France built its forts and demanded that France withdraw. • The French refused.

7. This is how North America was divided before the French and Indian War. Notice how much of the continent is claimed by France (yellow).

8. Fort Duquesne • The French built a fort near the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers. Fort Duquesne • Virginia sent a young militia officer to build a fort. • When he realized that France had already built a fort, he quickly built a simple fort called Fort Necessity. • When the French discovered the tiny fort, they attacked and forced the officer and his men to surrender. • The officer’s name was George Washington.

9. Fort Necessity Nice, huh?

10. Would you feel safe?

11. Albany Plan of Union • 1754 – colonies sent representatives to Albany, NY to discuss how to defend against France • Benjamin Franklin offered a plan to unite the colonies under a larger government to organize defense • Called the Albany Plan of Union • Colonies rejected this plan; did not want to give up their independence in making own decisions

12. What is the message of this famous cartoon, created by Benjamin Franklin?

13. War! • The conflict in the Ohio Valley sparked a war between France and Britian. • The French enlisted the help of the Huron Indians, who hated the British because they were allied with the Iroquois. • This war is known as the French and Indian War. • In Europe, they call it the Seven Years War because fighting in Europe lasted, you guessed it, seven years.

14. Quebec

15. War! • In 1759, Britain captured the city of Quebec. • Quebec was the key to controlling supplies into New France. • When Quebec fell, New France was cut off from all supplies.

16. Treaty of Paris • The War ended in 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. • France had lost the war and had to give up ALL of its claims in North America. • Britain got all French lands east of the Mississippi River. • Spain received French lands West of the Mississippi. Spain had actually supported France in the war, but Britain did not want to fight another war and agreed to give Spain the western lands but lost Florida. • France had been kicked out of North America, and Britain was the sole power in the eastern part of the Continent.

17. This is how North America was divided before the French and Indian War. Notice how much of the continent is claimed by France (yellow).

18. This is North America after the French and Indian War. France lost all of its North American Territory. It only kept a tiny claim in the West Indies. Spain gained all French land West of the Mississippi.

19. After the War • Britain now had control of much more land. • Colonists wanted to settle on this land, even past the Appalachian Mountains. • When early settlers, called pioneers, entered these areas, they encountered great resistance from Native Americans. • As more settlers moved into the Ohio River Valley, Native Americans became more upset. • An Ottawa Chief named Pontiac organized many different Indian nations into a coalition to fight the English. This resistance was known as Pontiac’s Rebellion. • After three years of fighting, the other Indian groups grew weary of the war and left. Pontiac surrendered in 1766.

20. Proclamation of 1763 • Fighting wars was expensive and protecting colonists who were so spread out was difficult. • To prevent England from wasting money on defense in the backcountry, King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763, which forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. • Colonists resented the limitation. Many ignored the Proclamation and moved west anyway. • Britain found that it was very difficult to enforce. • Colonists are becoming increasingly unhappy with the control of the British government. • Stay tuned – more to come!

21. Reflection # 4 Do you think the colonist should have to share the cost of the 7 years war?