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Wireless Communications Lecture-2: Evolution of Cellular Communication Systems

University of Palestine International. Faculty of Information Technology. Wireless Communications Lecture-2: Evolution of Cellular Communication Systems week 2- Semester-2/ 2008. Dr. Anwar Mousa. Contents :. INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION SECOND GENERATION SYSTEMS GSM-Overview

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Wireless Communications Lecture-2: Evolution of Cellular Communication Systems

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  1. University of Palestine International Faculty of Information Technology Wireless Communications Lecture-2: Evolution of CellularCommunication Systems week 2- Semester-2/ 2008 Dr. Anwar Mousa

  2. Contents: • INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION • SECOND GENERATION SYSTEMS • GSM-Overview • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

  3. 1. MOBILE SYSTEMSEVOLUTION GENERATIONMOBILE SYSTEM • 1G: (AMPS), (NMT), and (TACS). • 2G : GSM , iDEN ,D-AMPS , IS-95 , PDC ,PHS • 2.5G : GPRS , HSCSD , WiDEN • 2.75G: CDMA2000 1xRTT/IS-2000 , EDGE (EGPRS) • 3G : W-CDMA , UMTS,CDMA2000 1xEV-DO/IS-856 • 3.5G : HSDPA • 3.75G : HSUPA , HSOPA • [WI-MAX (HIPERMAN), WI-FI (HIPERLAN)]

  4. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONFIRST GENERATION • Almost all were analog systems • voice was considered to be the main traffic. Year Mobile System 1981 Nordic Mobile Telephone(NMT) 450 1983 American Mobile Phone System(AMPS) 1985 Total Access Communication System(TACS) 1986 Nordic Mobile Telephony(NMT) 900

  5. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONFIRST GENERATION • Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMPS) • Made available in USA in 1983 • 40MHz of spectrum was allocated from the 800MHz band • Offered 832 channels, with a data rate of 10 kbps • 7-cell reuse factor for SIR 18db • Total Access Communications System (TACS) • Was introduced in Europe with 1000 channels and a data rate of 8 kbps • AMPS and TACS use the frequency modulation (FM) technique for radio transmission. Traffic is multiplexed onto an FDMA system

  6. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONSECOND GENERATION • In Europe: • GSM • Cordless Telephone (CT2) • Personal Access Communications Systems (PACS) • Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT) • Digital AMPS (D-AMPS-TDMA) • Personal Digital Communication (PDC). • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

  7. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONSECOND GENERATION • in USA: • (TDMA) based standard (IS-136) • (CDMA) based standard (IS-95) • GSM derivative, Personal Communication Services (PCS) 1900.

  8. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONADVANTAGES OF 2-G OVER 1-G • Improved transmission quality • Higher system capacity • Better system coverage • More services: fax, short message, and data transmissions • Security: authentication and encryption • Better spectral efficiency

  9. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONTHIRD GENERATION • Basically a linear enhancement of 2G systems. • Based on twoparallel backbone infrastructures: • Circuit switched nodes, • Packet oriented nodes.

  10. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONTHIRD GENERATION • This process of standard harmonization produced three modes of operation: • CDMA-DS (CDMA - Direct Sequence) based on UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) • CDMA-MC (CDMA - Multi Carrier) based on CDMA2000 • CDMA-TDD(CDMA - Time Division Duplex) based on UMTS TDD

  11. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONFOURTH GENERATION • In general, A NEW GENERATION is defined by the result of technology changes over a 10–15 year time frame. • Thus, 4G refers to whatever is deployed in the 2010–2015 period, • assuming 3G deployment spans the 2000–2009 period. • However, 3G is regarded by many as being "a bit of a flop“ • so telecommunications companies are planning to roll out 4G earlier (possibly as early as 2008).

  12. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONFOURTH GENERATION • Typically, a new standard means a new air-interface with • higher data rates in the least, • change in the way data transport is handled end-to-end. • The infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. • The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP.

  13. MOBILE SYSTEMS EVOLUTIONFOURTH GENERATION • The system will also serve as an Open Platform where • New innovations can go with it • Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are • WiMax, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access • WiBro, The Koreans alternative to 3.5G or 4G cellular systems • 3GPPLTE 3G Partnership Project Long Term Evolution • release 8 of the UMTS work-in-progress technologies such as HSOPA.(HSDPA, HSUPA)

  14. 2. SECOND GENERATION SYSTEMS OUTLINE • Global System for Mobile com. (GSM)-Overview • General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) • Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

  15. Global System for Mobile com. (GSM)-Overview • Phase 1 of the standardization of GSM900 • Was completed by (ETSI) in 1990 and included all necessary definitions for the GSM network operations. • Several tele-services have been defined • data transmission up to 9.6 kbps • but only some very basic supplementary services were offered.

  16. (GSM)-Overview • Phase 2 GSM standards were enhanced in Phase 2 (1995) • to incorporate a large variety of supplementary services that were comparable to ISDN • Phase 2+ ETSI decided to further enhance GSM in GSM Phase 2+ to introduced important 3G features such as: • Customized application for mobile enhanced logic (CAMEL), VHI • intelligent network (IN) services • CAMEL enables worldwide access to operator-specific IN applications such as prepaid, call screening, and supervision.

  17. (GSM)-Overview • Enhanced speech compression/decompression (CODEC) • High-speed circuit-switched data (HSCSD) • HSCSD offers data rates up to 115 kbits/s. It uses multiple time slots (up to eight time slots) of GSM time division multiple access structure. • General packet radio service (GPRS) • Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE).

  18. GSM network architecture

  19. General packet radio service(GPRS)Additional Nodes • GSM network requires two new network elements for GPRS: • SGSN and GGSN • The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) • performs security functions • mobility management and access control. • resides at the same hierarchical level as a visited MSC (VMSC)/VLR

  20. General packet radio service(GPRS)Additional Nodes • The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) • used for inter-working with external packet-switched networks. • has functions comparable to a gateway MSC (GMSC). • performs comparable functions such as routing and mobility management.

  21. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)Architecture

  22. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)General Description • GPRS is a radio technology for GSM networks that adds packet-switching protocols. • Packet switching is a technique whereby the information (voice or data) to be sent is broken up into packets, • of at most a few Kbytes each • are routed by the network between different destinations • based on addressing data within each packet.

  23. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)General Description • Use of network resources is optimized • As the resources are needed onlyduring the handling of each packet. • The possibility to charge by the amount of data sent, rather than connection time. • Packets from different users get transmitted concurrently and instead of having a dedicated connection it is a virtual connection. • Thus enables better utilization of radio resources

  24. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)General Description cont… • Circuit switched requires the dedication of a radio channel to a mobile data user for a fixed period of time • resulting in theloss of valuable bandwidth. • GPRS radio channel reservation and allocation is done flexible from 1 to 8 radio interface timeslots per TDMA frame

  25. GSM Carriers and TDMA Frames

  26. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)General Description cont… • timeslots are shared by all the active users. • timeslots are shared dynamically between data and speech services according to: • operator's preference • base station load. • Up and downlink are allocated separately.

  27. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)Coding Schemes • 4 Coding Schemes (CS1, CS2,CS3,and CS4) exist for GPRS: • CS1 provides connectivity under "all conditions" and delivers a user throughput of up to 9.05 kbits/s, • CS2 delivers a user throughput of up to 13.4 kbits/s • CS3delivers a user throughput of up to 15.6 kbits/s • While CS4 requires excellent radio signal (Carrier to Interference ration of 27 dB) and delivers a user throughput of up to 21.4 kbits/s.

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