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Evolution of Computing Through Generations: From Babbage to Linux

Explore the milestones in computing history from Charles Babbage's analytical engine to the development of Linux, including key figures, technologies, and advancements in each generation. Witness the progression from purely mechanical to VLSI in the present era.

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Evolution of Computing Through Generations: From Babbage to Linux

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  1. History • Generation 0 • Charles Babbage (1792-1871) • analytical engine • purely mechanical • Ada Lovelace – first programmer

  2. Generation 1 • tubes • WW II • ’45-’55 • Aiken – Harvard • von Neumann – Princeton • Zuse – Germany • Eckert & Mauchley – U Penn

  3. Generation 2 • transistor • ’55-’65 • mainframes, punched cards, operators • batch systems • cards  1401  tape  7094  tape  1401  printer

  4. Generation 3 • ICs • ’65 – ’80 • System/360 “family” of systems • Multiprogramming – multiple programs in memory at the same time sharing the CPU • SPOOL – simultaneous peripheral operation online • Timesharing – variant of multiprogramming for terminal and batch jobs

  5. Gen 3 cont’d • MULTICS • Computer utility idea (kind of like internet servers) • More ambitious that hardware could support • MULTICS + PDP7 + Ken Thompson = Unix • Unix variants: • System V • BSD • IEEE POSIX • Now Linux from Linus Torvalds

  6. Gen 4 – 1980 to present • VLSI • 8080 CP/M also Z80 • Apple I and II • 8088 + MS-DOS (from Seattle Comp. Prod.) • Apple Lisa (Xerox Star) • Apple Mac • Windows 3.1, 95, 98, NT (designed by David Cutler from DEC VAX/VMS), 2000, XP • XWindows on Unix and Linux

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