What has turned what was once a disaster into a catastrophe?

2. What has turned what was once a disaster into a catastrophe? Amount of time over which the hazardous event occurs. Increasing population and poor land-use planning. Type of hazard. Climate change. Amount of area over which the hazardous event occurs.

3. What has turned what was once a disaster into a catastrophe? Amount of time over which the hazardous event occurs. Increasing population and poor land-use planning. Type of hazard. Climate change. Amount of area over which the hazardous event occurs.

4. An event is considered a natural disaster if • 100 or more people are killed. • 100,000 or more people are affected. • 1,000 or more people are affected. • 10 or more people are killed. • None of the answers are correct.

5. An event is considered a natural disaster if 100 or more people are killed. 100,000 or more people are affected. 1,000 or more people are affected. 10 or morepeople are killed. None of the answers are correct.

6. Why do high-income countries suffer the lowest number of deaths in natural disasters despite having relatively high populations? • All of the answers are correct. • Less people living in one area • Improved warning systems, disaster preparedness, and sanitation post-disaster • Higher level of education in the countries • Better hazard control in the countries

7. Why do high-income countries suffer the lowest number of deaths in natural disasters despite having relatively high populations? • All of the answers are correct. • Less people living in one area • Improved warning systems, disaster preparedness, and sanitation post-disaster • Higher level of education in the countries • Better hazard control in the countries

8. The processes that produce the earth materials, land, water, and atmosphere necessary for survival are collectively known as the • Biogeochemical cycle. • Agricultural cycle. • Hydrologic cycle. • Global Carbon cycle. • Geologic cycle.

9. The processes that produce the earth materials, land, water, and atmosphere necessary for survival are collectively known as the • Biogeochemical cycle. • Agricultural cycle. • Hydrologic cycle. • Global Carbon cycle. • Geologic cycle.

11. The figure demonstrates the Biogeochemical cycle. Agricultural cycle. Hydrologic cycle. Global carbon cycle. Geologic cycle.

12. The figure demonstrates the Biogeochemical cycle. Agricultural cycle. Hydrologic cycle. Global carbon cycle. Geologic cycle.

13. Natural hazards can be identified and studied using • the geologic cycle. • the Richter magnitude scale. • mapping techniques. • the scientific method. • All of the answers are correct.

14. Natural hazards can be identified and studied using • the geologic cycle. • the Richter magnitude scale. • mapping techniques. • the scientific method. • All of the answers are correct.

15. What makes a natural Earth process a hazard? People live or work near the process. The process is a minimum size. 10 or more people are affected by the process. Controls to limit the process are ineffective. All the answers are correct.

16. What makes a natural Earth process a hazard? People live or work near the process. The process is a minimum size. 10 or more people are affected by the process. Controls to limit the process are ineffective. All the answers are correct.

17. A landslide resulting from the clearing of natural vegetation that in turn causes flooding due to the slide mass damming a stream, which then damages and destroys homes is an example of • uniformitarianism. • environmental unity. • probability of occurrence. • forecasting. • precursor events.

18. A landslide resulting from the clearing of natural vegetation that in turn causes flooding due to the slide mass damming a stream, which then damages and destroys homes is an example of • uniformitarianism. • environmental unity. • probability of occurrence. • forecasting. • precursor events.

19. Why are warnings issued even if the forecast is not 100% for a predicted hazard? • Someday they will get it right. • To scare people into reacting. • Make sure the media is reporting the warning. • An informed public is better able to act responsibly than an uninformed public. • None of the answers are correct.

20. Why are warnings issued even if the forecast is not 100% for a predicted hazard? • Someday they will get it right. • To scare people into reacting. • Make sure the media is reporting the warning. • An informed public is better able to act responsibly than an uninformed public. • None of the answers are correct.

21. The risk society or an individual is willing to take depending on the situation is called long-term risk. short-term risk. hazard risk. probable risk. acceptable risk.

22. The risk society or an individual is willing to take depending on the situation is called long-term risk. short-term risk. hazard risk. probable risk. acceptable risk.

23. A massive forest fire that causes more damage than a small, contained one but occurs less frequently is an example of • a catastrophe. • the magnitude-frequency concept. • forecasting a natural hazard. • linkages between natural hazards. • the risk of a natural hazard.

24. A massive forest fire that causes more damage than a small, contained one but occurs less frequently is an example of • a catastrophe. • the magnitude-frequency concept. • forecasting a natural hazard. • linkages between natural hazards. • the risk of a natural hazard.

25. Possible increases in the flooding of the Yangtze River due to the basin losing about 85 percent of its forest to timber harvesting and conversion of land to agriculture is an example of • a change in forecasting the event. • poor city planning affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event. • an event increasing in magnitude and frequency through natural processes. • population growth affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event. • land-use changes affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.

26. Possible increases in the flooding of the Yangtze River due to the basin losing about 85 percent of its forest to timber harvesting and conversion of land to agriculture is an example of • a change in forecasting the event. • poor city planning affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event. • an event increasing in magnitude and frequency through natural processes. • population growth affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event. • land-use changes affecting the magnitude and frequency of an event.

28. The given figure shows the stages of forecasting a natural hazard. the stages of land-use changes affecting an event. population growth throughout the last century. the stages of recovery after a disaster. various frequencies of a natural hazard.

29. The given figure shows the stages of forecasting a natural hazard. the stages of land-use changes affecting an event. population growth throughout the last century. the stages of recovery after a disaster. various frequencies of a natural hazard.

30. Emotional distress, donation of money or goods, and payment of taxes levied to finance recovery are examples of ________ of a disaster. indirect effects direct effects recovery stages total effects effect stages

31. Emotional distress, donation of money or goods, and payment of taxes levied to finance recovery are examples of ________ of a disaster. indirect effects direct effects recovery stages total effects effect stages

32. Why is it important to understand the perceptions of those affected by the hazard? Determines the time to recovery after the hazard Determines how the information is portrayed in the media Success of hazard reduction programs depends on their attitudes Success of evacuations depends on their attitudes Determines the speed of emergency response

33. Why is it important to understand the perceptions of those affected by the hazard? Determines the time to recovery after the hazard Determines how the information is portrayed in the media Success of hazard reduction programs depends on their attitudes Success of evacuations depends on their attitudes Determines the speed of emergency response

34. What is not a way to minimize or avoid the effects of natural hazards? Artificial control of natural processes Evacuation Disaster preparedness Rebuild in the hazard area Land-use planning

35. What is not a way to minimize or avoid the effects of natural hazards? Artificial control of natural processes Evacuation Disaster preparedness Rebuild in the hazard area Land-use planning

36. Climate change is likely to affect natural hazards in the future by it will not affect them at all. increasing their severity and frequency. decreasing their severity and frequency. increasing their severity but decreasing their frequency. decreasing their severity but increasing their frequency.

37. Climate change is likely to affect natural hazards in the future by it will not affect them at all. increasing their severity and frequency. decreasing their severity and frequency. increasing their severity but decreasing their frequency. decreasing their severity but increasing their frequency.