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Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

Decoding Mediterranean climate variability using lake sediments. Daniel Ariztegui Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Switzerland daniel.ariztegui@unige.ch. Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009. Decoding.

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Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

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  1. Decoding Mediterranean climate variability using lake sediments Daniel Ariztegui Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Switzerland daniel.ariztegui@unige.ch Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

  2. Decoding Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

  3. A NATURALIST'S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD First Edition - May 1860 Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

  4. The Great Drought was very well described by Darwin …During this time so little rain fell, that the vegetation failed; the brooks were dried up, and the whole country assumed the appearance of a dusty high-road… …Very great numbers of birds, wild animals, cattle, and horses perished from the want of food and water… The smaller streams in the Pampas were paved with a breccias of bones… …What would be the opinion of a geologist, viewing such an enormous collection of bones, of all kinds of animals and of all ages, thus embedded in one thick earthy mass?... Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

  5. Decode: verb(trans.) convert (a coded message) into intelligible language PROXY Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

  6. North Atlantic modern atmospheric circulation

  7. Climate The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) The NAO index is defined as the anomalous difference between the polar low and the subtropical high during the winter season (December through March) positive (+) negative (-) www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/ modern atmospheric circulation

  8. Climate The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) The NAO index is defined as the anomalous difference between the polar low and the subtropical high during the winter season (December through March) (+) dry in the Mediterranean (-) moist air into the Mediterranean 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/ modern atmospheric circulation

  9. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean realm Was this modern climate feature active during glacial intervals? How far west can be tracked ? modern atmospheric circulation

  10. North Atlantic Lake Albano modern atmospheric circulation

  11. seismo-stratigraphy and core location after Chondrogianni et al., 2004 Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM

  12. core correlation and chronology after Chondrogianni et al., 2004 Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM

  13. Lithology Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM

  14. after Chondrogianni et al., 2004 Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM

  15. periodical changes in productivity/sedimentation during LGM North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) after Chondrogianni et al., 2004 Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM

  16. Centennial-millennial changes four alternating cold and warm intervals between H1 and H2 Decadal-interdecadal changes moisture fluctuations associated with NAO and/or ENSO like mechanisms after Chondrogianni et al., 2004 Lake Albano high-resolution window into the LGM

  17. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean realm Was this modern climate feature active during glacial intervals? How far west can be tracked ? atmospheric circulation

  18. North Atlantic Lake Butrint modern atmospheric circulation

  19. Italy Albania Lake Butrint Corfu Greece Mediterranean Sea Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  20. Corfu Lake Butrint Ionian Sea Albania 1 km Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  21. sedimentary cores reference core Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  22. B 00-2 B 00-3 • Excellent core to core correlation • laminated facies • homogeneous facies Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  23. Years AD 1986 1963 1917 1872 1811 1794 1741 30 Magnetic susceptibility 20 10 0 1.6 Density (g/cm3) 1.4 1.2 1.0 Cs-137 (mBq/g) 120 60 0 Depth (cm) Ariztegui et al., in review Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries 0 10 20 30 40 60 50 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

  24. 1905 1 mm 1 mm one year 1 cm 1 µm 1 µm 1893 gray layer Pennate diatoms centric diatoms carbonate crystals allochthonous OM autochthonous OM star-shaped aragonite Winter one year Autumn sediment cycle dark brown layer Summer white layer Spring Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  25. Years AD 1986 1963 1917 1872 1811 1794 1741 4 sedimentary organic matter TOC (%) 2 200 0 150 Hydrogen Index (mgHC g -1 TOC) 100 Oxygen Index (mgCO2 g -1 TOC) 50 400 0 200 0 13 11 C/N 9 13C(OM) (‰) - 24.0 - 26.0 - 28.0 6.0 -30 .0 15N(OM) (‰) 4.0 18O(carbonate) (‰) 2.0 0 authigenic carbonates - 4.0 0 13C(carbonate) (‰) - 8.0 - 2.0 - 4.0 - 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 160 140 Depth (cm) Ariztegui et al., in review Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  26. 2000 0 1986 10 aragonite Depth (cm) 20 1 µm 1947 1943 30 1929 1 µm low Mg calcite 1917 40 1913 1 µm Ariztegui et al., in review 50 Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  27. Climate Thickness of the gray lamina thickness (cm) data analyzed raw data 0.8 mobile mean 0.4 0 - 0.4 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 number of lamina year 2000 year 1740 Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  28. 3.5 years = NAO Climate Spectral analyses 0.14 0.10 spectral density 0.08 0.04 0 1 5 10 100 200 period (calendar years) Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  29. The land-sea interface • influence of the NAO index • increasing evaporation for the last part of the 20 century (positive index) but… anthropogenic impact trigger the most recent changes in salinity Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

  30. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the Mediterranean realm Was this modern climate feature active during glacial intervals? YES shifting temperature, wind directions and source of moisture How far west can be tracked ? The Ionian and Adriatic Sea atmospheric circulation

  31. THANKS • EU-Project PALICLAS • Swiss National Science Foundation • Albanian Geological Survey • Université de Genève • ETH Zürich Clima en España: Pasado, Presente y Futuro – Madrid, 11-13 February 2009

  32. Lake Butrint high-resolution window into the last three centuries

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