Mental Disorders

1. Mental Disorders

2. Mental Health • Mental health status involves the combination of your healthful and risk behaviors with regard to being comfortable with yourself, feeling good about your relationships with others, and being able to meet the demands of your life. • Not all risk behaviors are the same, and your mental health status fluctuates from day to day.

3. Causes of Mental Disorders • A life crisis is a shocking experience that causes a high level of mental stress. • Some people have the tools to cope, others fall apart.

4. Causes of Mental Disorders • Environmental Factors • Environmental stress refers to the physical or mental demands associated with your surroundings. • Your family interactions influence your self- concept and the behavior patterns you use. • Other factors, such as high pollution levels, poor lighting, and uncomfortable temperatures can alter your state of mind.

5. Causes of Mental Disorders • Hereditary Factors: Certain types of mental disorders tend to run in families. • Some doctors believe schizophrenia and depression can run in families.

6. Causes of Mental Disorders • Factors that affect the brain • An organic mental disorder is a change in mental health status caused by a physical condition that affects the brain. • Physical illnesses, such as brain tumors, strokes, and brain injuries can affect brain function. • A lack of oxygen from choking or near drowning are another. • DRUGS are another way you can cause brain damage and possibly develop a mental disorder.

7. DSM-IV • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. It is intended to be applicable in a wide array of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations (e.g., biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, family/systems). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) has been designed for use across clinical settings (inpatient, outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice, and primary care), with community populations. It can be used by a wide range of health and mental health professionals, including psychiatrists and other physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses, occupational and rehabilitation therapists, and counselors. It is also a necessary tool for collecting and communicating accurate public health statistics.

8. Anxiety Disorders • These are disorders in which real or imagined fears occur so often that they prevent a person from enjoying life. • Three types of anxiety disorders are phobias, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and general anxiety disorders.

9. Anxiety Disorders • PHOBIA: the excess fear of a situation, object, or person. However, the source of the fear does not actually present a real danger. • A phobia is usually an excess fear that results from a past experience. • Being afraid of spiders is not a phobia unless it interferes with your daily life.

10. Anxiety Disorders • OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: when a behavior is characterized by unreasonable thoughts and actions that are rigid, inflexible, and repetitive. • Your behavior is obsessive when you do one thing so often that you ignore other commitments; it interferes with your everyday living.

11. Anxiety Disorders • GENERAL ANXIETY DISORDER: this occurs when a person feels anxious, tense, fearful, and upset most of the time. • There is no specific object or situation that produces the fear.

12. Dissociative Disorders • These disorders involve behaviors in which persons separate themselves and their memories from their real personalities.

13. Dissociative Disorders • AMNESIA: the inability to recall past experiences • Result of aging, illness, or injury • Usually lasts a short time, not like they portray it in the movies

14. Dissociative Disorders • MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER: a rare mental disorder in which two or more personalities coexist within the same person. • Depending on the circumstances the person may shift from one personality to another. Each personality is unaware of the other personality’s thoughts and actions, but it knows the other personalities exist.

15. Mood Disorders • Mood disorders involve moods that are extreme and interfere with daily living.

16. Mood Disorders • DEPRESSION: a feeling of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness. • Everyone experiences these feelings at one time or another; short periods are normal in adolescence. • However, prolonged depression is not normal.

17. Mood Disorders • DEPRESSION • Signs: loss of sleep, loss of interest, loss of appetite, loss of energy, loss of ability to concentrate. • Sometime do not have a neat and clean appearance • May complain of physical ailments such as headaches, muscle aches, dizziness • Depressed people withdraw from others.

18. What causes depression in teens? • Disappointment • Loss of self-esteem • Unfair comparisons • A sense of hopelessness • Illness

19. Mood Disorders • BI-POLAR or MANIC-DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: a mood disorder in which a person’s moods vary from being very high to being very depressed. • The manic phase is the high mood…during this time a person might feel extreme joy for no reason. Sometimes the manic phase may also lead to outbursts and intense anger, and can make the person dangerous

20. Personality Disorders • When a person’s personality is so unusual that it interferes with happiness and daily living, that person is said to have a personality disorder. • Examples: • Avoidant personality • Dependent personality • Histrionic personality • Narcissistic personality • Passive-aggressive personality

21. Schizophrenia • A mental disorder in which there is a split or breakdown in logical thought processes. • Actions, words, and emotions are confused and inappropriate for the situation. • PARANOID schizophrenia is a disorder in which a person has delusions of either persecution (think someone is following them and/or trying to kill them) or granduer (they might believe they are president of a country or a famous athlete or movie star).

22. Somatoform Disorders • Includes a group of disorders in which there are physical symptoms of illness from emotional causes but there are no physical explanation of illness. • Hypochondria is someone who constantly feels aches, pains, and worries about developing heart disease, cancer, or some other serious problem.

23. Suicide • Suicide is the second leading cause of death in teenagers and young adults. • Each year thousands of teenagers and young adults attempt suicide, and 5000 teens commit suicide annually.

24. Causes of Suicide • Teens often feel loss or rejection • Depression and all the causes of depression mentioned earlier • Serious illness may make a teen feel hopeless • The feeling of confusion that often is part of growing from childhood to adolescence can be very disturbing for some individuals.

25. Signs of Suicide • Exhibit a drastic change in personality • Withdraw from family and other people • Lose interest in personal appearance • Lose interest in schoolwork • Increase the use of chemicals, such as alcohol or marijuana • Talk about getting even with parents • Ask questions about death • Talk about suicide

26. Suicide Prevention • Recognize the signs of suicide • Trust your own judgment: tell someone if you think there is even a slight chance someone you know is suicidal • Stay with a suicidal person until help arrives • Encourage a suicidal person to talk to you • Urge professional help • TELL A TEACHER OR OTHER ADULT