12HEALTH STUDIES

1. 12HEALTH STUDIES 91235

2. “Analyse an adolescent health issue” • External • 5 Credits Achievement Criteria

3. Analysing an adolescent health issue involves providing a detailed explanation of: • Influences of the issue • Consequences for well-being • How the influences have contributed to consequences for well-being. • Strategies for promoting well-being • How the strategies are related to the influences.

4. Examples of adolescent health issues • Stress management • Adolescent alcohol use and misuse • Enhancement of relationships • Influences of body image • Cannabis or other drug use • Food related issues • Maintenance of sexual/reproductive health

5. What issue will we be covering? • Adolescent alcohol and misuse

6. Useful websites • www.alcohol.org.nz • www.fade.org.nz • www.youthline.co.nz • www.adanz.org.nz • www.drughelp.org.nz • www.sadd.co.nz • www.alac.org.nz

7. Prior Knowledge • Answer as many questions as possible on the sheet provided.

8. What is a health issue?

9. Something that affects the well-being of groups or population of people in a way that is cause for (public) concern

10. How do we find out whether or not something is a health issue? (who tells us / what shows us)?

11. When research or health statistics highlight that there is a problem affecting many people

12. What is binge drinking??

13. What is binge drinking??

14. What is a standard drink??

15. A standard drink contains 10grams of pure alcohol • The size of the drink can be different, but the amount of alcohol is the same

16. Why is binge drinking a health issue for adolescents in New Zealand?

17. Impacts on physical health • Poor decision making around sexual behaviour (links to STI and unplanned pregnancy) • Accidents • Drink driving • Fighting • Getting into trouble with friends and family

18. Binge drinking crisis Teenage drinking – facts and fiction (VEA) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMQddOpSm2o Binge drinking crisis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUObycsyf1A

19. Why is binge drinking a health issue for adolescents in NZ? • Four groups • Give yourselves a letter: A – B – C – D – E • A – You are the recorder • B – You are the time keeper • C – You are the peacemaker (keep everyone quiet and working) • D – You organise how your group will present back to the class • E – You can help A, C or D with their role • Your entire group must be involved with the presentation and you must have a combination of: • Visual Aid/s • Verbal Aid • 3 take-home messages – write these on board and explain

20. Groups

21. Presentations • Should be 5-10 minutes • All group members must speak • Involve the audience in some way • Provide at least 3 take-home messages • Use the whiteboard • Show a you-tube clip relating to your presentation topic • Allow for questioning • Be a RESPECTFUL audience

22. Beliefs, values and attitudes about alcohol in NZ The attitude: Alcohol use is part of being a New Zealander. Who benefits from this attitude and how? Who is disadvantaged by this attitude and how? My opinion about this attitude is:

23. NZ statistics and research • Recent NZ statistics • The way we drink • 2007 Youth survey • Young people: benefits, inhibitors and parent expectations • Scary alcohol statistics • Child alcohol abuse up nearly 20% • Be brief – 4 short articles

24. Statistics questions 1. Do any of these statistics surprise you? If so, what is surprising? 2. Why do you think so many New Zealanders think it is OK to binge drink? 3. What are some negative consequences of drinking that are stated in these statistics? 4. How would you compare these stats to your own environment? (friends, family, yourself)

25. Class / school survey • You are to come up with questions to ask your class / school about adolescent alcohol use and misuse. • As a class we will brainstorm what exactly we want to find out / achieve through asking these questions. • You will use the information gained through this survey to back up your explanations when making statements about this health issue.

26. Factors influencing adolescents to binge drink • Factors that influence teenagers to binge drink can fit into 3 categories: • Personal • Interpersonal • Societal These influences can be negative/risky and lead adolescents into patterns of binge drinking. These influences can be positive/protective and lead adolescents into drinking in moderation or not drinking at all.

27. Personal Factors influencing adolescents to binge drink • What are some personal factors which could influence and adolescents to binge drink??

28. Personal Factors influencing adolescents to binge drink • Thoughts and feelings • Attitude, values and beliefs • Choices and behaviour

29. Personal Factors influencing adolescents to binge drink

30. Personal Factors influencing adolescents to binge drink

31. Explain how an adolescent’s attitudes, values and beliefs could influence her/him in relation to binge drinking. • Include in your answer: What the attitudes/values/beliefs are, Why the adolescents might have these attitudes/values/beliefs How these influence a person to binge drink • Use the previous table to help you write your answer • Use your questionnaire to help as relevant research/evidence

32. Personal behaviours and choices in relation to binge drinking • What are some choices and behaviours you have seen (or heard of) adolescents make in relation to alcohol use? Why do they choose to use alcohol in this way? • James Webster? • Your own experience with being around (or hearing them talk about) adolescents who drink?

33. What did ALAC report as being come common adolescent drinking behaviours and why did they behave this way? Refer back to the hand-out “The way we drink (summary) (ALAC, 2005)”

34. Consequences • Medical health professionals are linking youth binge drinking with a range of health problems such as rising rates of sexually transmitted infections, teen pregnancy, alcohol overdose cases at hospitals, and violence and under-18’s illegally drinking in public. One study showed that 12% of secondary-school students blamed alcohol for their having had sex and later regretting it, and in the previous month 27% of teenagers had ridden in a car with a potentially drunk driver at least once. • People other than those in the health sector are recognising that alcohol-related harms go beyond only drink driving or dependency. Other such harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption include physical injuries resulting from accidents or fights; embarrassment from being involved in behaviours that people wouldn’t normally indulge in, conflict in relationships because of alcohol and problems at work.

35. Interpersonal factors influencing adolescent binge drinking • Two interpersonal factors to focus on: • The expectations of and pressure from friends • The expectations of and pressure from parents/other adults • What does it mean by pressure? • What does it mean by expectations?

36. Common pressures and expectations on adolescents

37. Sandy is 17 years old. She has always achieved d well at school, enjoys drama and has several groups of friends that she spends her spare time with. She lives with her parents and two younger brothers. One of Sandy’s groups of friends has recently started going to parties every weekend. There is always a lot of alcohol (and other drugs) available at these parties and Sandy’s friends get involved in the alcohol use, enjoying the feeling of being drunk. Whenever Sandy goes out with these mates, she feels pressured and expected to drink, like them. Sandy’s drama friends do not go out to parties and drink. They prefer activities such as going to the movies, staying in and gossiping and watching DVD’s, and sometimes going out to see plays. Sandy enjoys the times they spend hanging out. Sandy’s parents have very high expectations of her. She is expected to be a good role model for her brothers, expected to do well at school and stay out of trouble, and to go to university. Her parents do not buy her alcohol and would be disappointed if they knew that the parties she went to had a lot of drinking and other drugs available.

38. What pressures / expectations does Sandy experience?

39. Matt and Maria • In groups you are to read the story about Matt and Maria. • You are then to list the following: • Personal factors influencing Maria to drink • Interpersonal factors influencing Maria to drink • Personal factors influencing Matt to drink • Interpersonal factors influencing Matt to drink

40. Interpersonal Factors • How does peer pressure contribute to adolescent binge drinking? • How do family relationships and expectations contribute to adolescent binge drinking?

41. Interpersonal Factors contributing to adolescent drinking • What is the factor exactly? • How could these factors influence the adolescent to binge drink? • Use survey results/research findings (articles/stories) to back up your reasons. • What are short-term effects of this interpersonal factor? • What are long-term effects of this interpersonal factor? • What are the consequences on well-being?

42. Parents as the main suppliers of alcohol to under 18’s • Part of argument presented by some groups in favour of raising the age of purchase is related to the easy access 14 – 17 year olds have to alcohol. However, a recent report showed that 87% of people in this age group are supplied alcohol by their parents. Parents can legally give alcohol to their children, and the proposed bill makes no recommendation to change that.

43. Newspaper headlines • Lowered drinking age kills a dozen teens a year • Research finds more young people are dying since alcohol age dropped • Drinking laws have worsened teenage habits • Most 18 year olds say “No ID, no problem. For buying liquor • Students told to go easy on drink • Majority of police want the drinking age raised • Police want an end to youth drinking after New Years Eve • Three-quarters of teenage pub-goers are over limit • Medical professionals sound alarm bells over teen drinking • Calls to ‘punish the parents, not the kids from alcohol campaigners • Liquor adverts deliberately aimed at under 18’s • Raising the drinking age won’t change the NZ binge culture • New report says NZ teenagers among the worst binge drinkers in the world • Big push to put an end to NZ booze culture • Binge drinkers put multiple lives at risk

44. Societal factors Societal factors on adolescent drinking consists of 3 main areas: √ Cultural influences √ Economic influences √ Politics and law

45. Cultural influences • Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values and customs, behaviours and objects that members of society use to make sense of the world, and that they pass on to others. “New Zealand has a culture of binge drinking”

46. Drinking culture • Researchers have pointed out that young people’s drinking mimics the drinking behaviour of adults. Research statistics show that it’s not just a youth issue – 46% of heavy drinkers earn more than $50,000 p.a and 65% of heavy drinkers are over 30 years old. • This has led a number of concerned groups, like ALAC, to point out that simply raising the age of purchase to 20 years again would do nothing to change the adult drinking culture which for a long time, has said ‘it is ok to get drunk’. Just prohibiting 18 year olds from buying alcohol again will not be enough to change the binge drinking culture and some said it was ‘a myth’ that raising the age will fix all the problems.

47. Changing the culture • Research monitoring NZ’ers drinking behaviour is showing that people are acknowledging that NZ has a binge drinking problem. The 2005 Alcohol Advisory Council (ALAC) social marketing campaign is all about making is socially unacceptable to be drunk. • The advertisements with the slogan ‘its not the drinking that’s the problem, its how we drink’ is one of ALAC’s programme to change NZ’s drinking culture. The campaign is pointing out that one in 5 heavy drinkers admit they have let their family or children down when they got drunk, and that one in 4 heavy drinkers admit they have done something they regretted while drunk.

48. Economic influences • Targeting young drinkers • All in it for the money • Alcohol as sponsors • RTD drinks targeted at young females • Beer targeted at men • Advertising and media influences

49. Economic influences • Sponsorship money that alcohol producers provide • Steinlager- All Blacks • Heineken Cup – Rugby, Tennis, World Cup • Lion Red – Warriors • Stella Artois – Tennis • Essentially it is the provider of the sponsorship money that dictates sporting bodies’ messages • In movies drinking is normalised. To celebrate with a champagne breakfast, is in theory quite exciting and sophisticated, bit in reality it wastes you for the rest of the day, and you end up feeling lethargic and tired. • Main message of normalising drinking and assuming everyone does it.

50. Politics and Law • This includes what the law is in NZ, what you can and cannot do in relation to drinking alcohol in NZ.