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Overview—Research Status

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Overview—Research Status

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  1. Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office EquipmentPower Management ControlsProject Update, October 30 2001Bruce Nordman, Alan MeierLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBNordman@LBL.govhttp://eetd.LBL.gov/Controlssponsor: California Energy CommissionPublic Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program

  2. Overview—Research Status • Controls Introduction • Project Rationale • Overall Plan • Specific Plan and Results • General Discussion

  3. Standard Controls

  4. Cars: Gearshifts

  5. Phones: Number Layout

  6. Traffic Signs, Indicators

  7. Non-standard Controls: Blenders

  8. Non-Standard ControlsCell Phones

  9. Office Equipment Power Management Terms On, Ready, Active, Idle, Standby*, Doze, Suspend, Sleep, Deep Sleep, Low-Power, Energy-Saver, Power-Saver, Hibernate, Energy Star Mode, Weekly Timer, Delay Timer, Idle Timer, Activity, Inactivity, Auto-off, Soft-off, Off.

  10. Office Equipment: What Works

  11. Office Equipment:The “Standby” Problem • Suspend mode is known as standby mode under the Microsoft Windows 98 operating system. For systems with ACPI compliance, suspend mode is known as sleep mode” (Dell) • stand-by mode” — Fully ready to copy but not copying. (ASTM Copier Test Procedure) • “Stand-By — … an optional operating state of minimal power reduction …” (VESA Standard) • “Standby power — The lowest power mode in which the appliance is plugged in …” (LBNL-Leaking/Standby Electricity) • “Standby is … the lowest power state where the system is responsive to interrupts …” (PowerPC Reference Platform) • "Suspend is currently ignored under Windows 95/98 and Windows 2000 because the terminology is ill-defined. “ (Microsoft) • There is no distinction between Suspend and Standby in OnNow as there was previously under APM definitions" (Microsoft)

  12. What Doesn’t Work: PC Indicators Sleep mode Awake

  13. Existing ISO/IEC Symbols

  14. Problem • Existing Power Management Controls are: • Hidden, Confusing, Absent • Power Management Enabling Rates Low • Lots of Wasted Energy • Poor User Image of Energy Efficiency, Product Quality

  15. Solution • Create broadly similar interfaces for power / power management control across all office equipment and consumer electronics • Accomplish this by creating a voluntary standard for interface elements • Institutionalize the standard through international standards, industry standards, and marketing to industry

  16. Synopsis Goal:To save energy, increase enabling rates of existing power management capability in office equipment. Method: Make power management more consistent and intuitive to users across all office equipment (via a voluntary standard).

  17. No Power Management Now(ENERGYSTAR) Potential(100% Enabling) Office Equipment Energy UseAnnual Electricity (TWh/year)

  18. Energy Savings (U.S.) TWh/year $billion/year Existing 27.1 2.2 Potential 16.7 1.3 Current Power Mgmt. Enabling Rates: PCs: 25% Monitors: 60% Printers: 80% Copiers: 70%

  19. Overall Plan • Existing Devices / Interfaces • Develop New Standards (Voluntary) • Market These to Institutions • Manufacturers (PAC) • International Standards Organizations • Industry Institutions

  20. Provides project with Guidance, Review, Credibility Compaq Hewlett-Packard IBM Intel Microsoft Ricoh Samsung Sony Sun ITIC ENERGY STAR Professional Advisory Committee (PAC)

  21. Specific Plan • Institutional Review • Literature Review • 22 Topics • “Hard” Interface - Static • Device Behavior - Dynamic • Other Topics

  22. Institutional Review“Who is Involved in Power Management Controls” • Standards / Standards Committees (ISO/IEC) • Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment • Indicator Lights • Others • Labeling Programs (e.g. ENERGY STAR) • Trade Associations (e.g. ITIC) • Manufacturers • Technology Initiatives / Protocols

  23. Project Rationale Existing Designs Approach Design Principles Metaphor Modes General UI Lit. — not specific to power controls Interactions / Transitions Indicator Lights Icons Norman / Macintosh Literature Insights

  24. Topics: High Priority, #1 • Basic symbols and switches & buttons • Basic indicators • Changing power states • Transition indicators • Underlying archetype of power management behavior, including basic terms

  25. Topics: High Priority, #2 • Controlled and controlling devices • Remote indicators and controls • Composite devices and diversity of low-power modes • Power management ‘schemes’ • Behavior based on wake event type • Linked behavior • Interactions with non-power modes

  26. Disability Culture Temporary changes System status after power failure Terminology Language Batteries Role of the term “ENERGY STAR” Self-monitoring Miscellaneous Topics: Medium / Low Priority

  27. “Hard” Interface Elements • Terms • Symbols/Icons • Indicators • Operating Metaphors Scope: Office Equipment(& Consumer Electronics)

  28. Initial Recommendations • Three basic power states: On, Off, Sleep • “Power” term (switch / indicator) • Change the international standard symbols for on/off, standby, and sleep • Green / Amber / Off for power indicators • Sleep metaphor (and moon)

  29. Three Basic States On, Off, Sleep • Within a state, device has consistent capability, behavior (e.g. state change) • May have more states, but all mapped into forms of the basic three • “Hibernate” problematic, but tentatively a form of Off

  30. The Term “Power” • For indicators, switches/buttons • Need standard translation • Possible “international word” (voice)

  31. Power Symbols • Drop as a symbol. • Change meaning of from “Standby” to “Power” • and too similar. • Recommendation is most consistent with current usage on products.

  32. Indicators • Use Green / Amber / Off for On / Sleep / Off • Blinking only for transitions or non-power meanings • Possible standard (optional) audio indications • Cyberspace?

  33. Sleep - Metaphor and Symbol • “Sleep” is most compelling metaphor, and has clear extensions (e.g. “waking up”). • is already common and seems clear

  34. PC Sample State Diagram

  35. Device Behavior(Dynamic) • Taxonomy of device types • User expectations • Device feedback • Consistency • Remote controls, indicators

  36. General Discussion • Process • Recommendations

  37. Budget • Project is on budget • Slightly under budget at constant expenditure rate … • ... but future time, travel will increase rate • Project will be completed within budget

  38. Schedule • Project is on schedule • All deliverables and milestones done • Project will be completed on schedule

  39. Deliverables & Milestones • All deliverables due to date have been delivered • Kickoff Meeting, Institutional Review Research Findings Report, PAC members recommended and confirmed, Updated Project Plan, PAC meeting summary, Revised Project Plan, Critical Project Review • Additional products/activities • Web-based outreach material, poster, literature review, tentative recommendations, approaching international standards committees, initial work with Microsoft, Ease of Use Roundtable

  40. Scope • Project is meeting original contract goals and intent • No changes are required • Project principles should be extended to lighting, real-time price controls, and “smart” appliances

  41. Miscellaneous • Can we assume this is the Critical Project Review meeting originally scheduled for July, 2002?

  42. Anything Else?

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