1 / 7

Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal Antibodies. What Are Antibodies?. Antibodies: Produced by the immune system to kill toxins , allergens , or pathogens B-lymphocytes Bind to specific antigens Made of protein

justis
Télécharger la présentation

Monoclonal Antibodies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Monoclonal Antibodies

  2. What Are Antibodies? • Antibodies: • Produced by the immune system to kill toxins, allergens, or pathogens • B-lymphocytes • Bind to specific antigens • Made of protein • Can either label the bacteria cell so phagocytes can find the faster, kill it direct, or immobilize it

  3. There Is Big Money Here • Antigen specific super weapons would be great for fighting disease! • Big Catch-22 of Biology • There are two kinds of B-lymphocytes • Memory cells divide but do NOT produce antibodies • Plasma cells produce antibodies but do NOT divide • How are we suppose to produce antibodies in mass? • Change memory cells to plasma cells and hope we get the right antigen? • Slowly collect plasma cells from the same infected organism over a long time?

  4. Saved By Cancer! • In 1975, hybridoma cells were invented • Fused cell made of a plasma cell and a cancer cell • Plasma cell part makes antibodies • Cancer cell part makes it divide indefinitely • Woot!Now we got a way to make antibodies, lets make them in mass for things like pregnancy tests

  5. Frogs and Pregnant Humans • Modern day pregnancy test look for hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) in the urine using hCG antibodies • Ancient pregnancy tests had women put a frog in their urine. Why? • Frogs react to hCG too • hCG in urine is absorbed by the frogs skin and causes ovulation • If you are pregnant, the frog will lay a batch of eggs

  6. Mice and Pregnant Humans • How to make hCG Antibodies: • Inject mouse with hCG and its immune system will make plasma cells for hCG antibodies • Isolate plasma cells from blood and form hybridomas by fusing them with mouse myeloma cells • Grow hCGantibodies in mass

  7. How Pregnancy Tests Work • Dipstick tip is covered with hCG antibodies bound to gold particles; these bind to hCG is in the urine • As urine travels up the stick, more hCG-gold antibody complex are carried with it (B) • At some point the hCG-gold complex bind to immobilized anti-hCG-gold monoclonal antibodies on the stick (C) • If enough gold is carried up, a line appears that shows you are pregnant • Higher up are immobilized enzymes that don’t need hCGto make a line appear. Why? (D) • Control to show the antibodies are still working

More Related