BELLWORK 4/30: Operation Barbarossa

1. BELLWORK 4/30: Operation Barbarossa • In your textbook, read “Attack on the Soviet Union” on pgs. 732-733 and answer the following questions: • Why did Hitler want to invade the Soviet Union? • What assumptions did Hitler make about invading the Soviet Union? • Describe the advances Germany made within the Soviet Union. • What was the outcome of this invasion? • What is a scorched-earth policy? Why would Stalin use this against advancing Nazi troops? • THINKER: Make a prediction  How did Stalin react to Hitler’s invasion?

4. German Expansion by 1942

5. U.S. Involvement & Japanese Militarism • After Britain & the Soviet Union were attacked, their leaders looked to the U.S. • Both Churchill & Stalin requested aide from the U.S. and supported their entrance into the war. • The only problem…….. America was still in the Great Depression and did NOT want to get involved in Europe’s problems. • No direct threat…..for now…..

6. Lend-Lease Act Lend-Lease Act: The President could aid any nation whose defense was vital to U.S. security. After Germany attacked the Soviet Union, FDR extended the Lend-Lease Act to the Soviets. Increased production = increased employment = end of GD! By the end of WWII, the U.S. had loaned or given away $49 billion of aid to over 40 nations.

10. Continue your notes on WWII in Asia! The Japanese Path to War (pages 729-730) • Why did the Japanese expand into Manchuria? • How did Japanese actions show the failure of the League of Nations? • Describe the changes in the Japanese government made in the 1930’s. • How did China (nationalists & communists) respond to Japanese aggression? • Describe Japan’s tactics for taking control of China. • List two of Japan’s plans for a “new Asian order.” • What are sanctions. Why was this a threat to Japan’s economy? • Why were there tensions between Japan and the U.S.? How would these tensions contribute to Japan’s attack on the U.S.? Explain!

11. Japan’s post-WWI population boom!

12. Why did the Japanese expand into Manchuria?

13. How did Japanese actions show the failure of the League of Nations? • Condemned actions  Japan left League • League could not prevent Japanese aggression

14. Japan felt they were being treated unfairly….why could U.S./France/GB control Asian colonies but not Japan?

15. Japan desired equality with the West

16. Describe the changes in the Japanese government made in the 1930’s • Military held the upper hand…. • Decided foreign policy • Refused to listen to government orders • Assassinated political leaders • Public support • This shift towards militarism was finalized when Tojo Hideki (military general) became leader • Continued expansion in China

19. What was going on in China??? China was in the middle of a Civil War (nationalists vs. communists) which made it difficult to respond.

20. As Chiang and Mao battled each other in 1931, the Japanese conquered Manchuria

21. Rape of Nanjing • December 1937: six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (former capital) • 250,000 to 300,000 deaths

22. How did China (nationalists & communists) respond to Japanese aggression? • Stopped the Civil War  formed the United Front  Declared war on Japan • Japan plans a “new Asian order” – List two of these plans! • Continued expansion to gain resources • Cooperate with Germany and Italy

25. Why were there tensions between Japan and the U.S.? How would these tensions contribute to Japan’s attack on the U.S.? Explain! • Japanese expansion is a direct threat to the U.S. & Allies imposed sanctions • U.S. seized Japanese assets & stopped the trade of oil, iron & steel • Problem? Japan needed these resources for their military & expansion • Solution? Attack the U.S. to stop them from interfering with Japanese plans.

26. Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii. • 2,400 Americans killed, 1,200 wounded, 200 warships destroyed.

29. Most dramatic loss in Pearl Harbor attack. 1,177 dead The wreck was not salvaged and continues to lie on the floor of the harbor. U.S.S. ARIZONA

34. December 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on Japan December 11: Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.

35. German Expansion by 1942

36. America the Story of Us: WWII • Now that the U.S. was officially in WWII, they are going to implement military and economic changes that will alter the conflict. • This episode focuses on the U.S. in WWII! From Pearl Harbor  Fighting developments  Atomic Bomb • Answer the 12 questions on the worksheet!

37. REVIEW • List 3-5 things that caused the shift of the government towards militarism.

38. List one cause and one effect of the Manchurian Incident. (Japan’s invasion of Manchuria) • What was the goal of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere? How did Japan accomplish this goal? • How did WWII change once the USSR & US declared war? • THINKER: Why was the U.S. neutral in the beginning of WWII?

39. U.S. Involvement in WWII How the rise of Japanese militarism ended U.S. neutrality

40. Japan lacked the land, materials, and markets to feed its growing population. The Manchurian Incident: In 1931, Japanese troops captured several cities in Manchuria (Eastern China). This increased the army’s power over the government. Japan refused to cooperate with peace treaties, so it withdrew from the League of Nations Naval officers helped assassinate the prime minister and put the general Tojo Hideki into power in 1941. Japan Moves Away from Peace

41. In the early 1930’s, there was a Civil War between communists and nationalists in China. This allowed Japan to expand without resistance.

42. Japanese Expansion • Continued invasion of China • Japan occupied major cities along China’s East coast • Soldiers killed 200,000 civilians • The U.S., Soviet Union, and Britain all tried to protect peace and stop invasion in China. • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Japan wanted to liberate Asia from European colonizers by extending their rule. • In 1940, Japan allied itself with the Axis powers. • Japan moved troops into British colonies, French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies.

44. Should the U.S. enter WWII? • Germany and Japan were big threats and increasing their aggression, but the U.S. was still deep in the Depression • The big question: • SHOULD THE U.S. ENTER WWII? • Isolationism: Belief that the U.S. should stay out of war. • Interventionism: Belief that the U.S. should give support and involvement to the Allies

47. From Isolationism to War FDR limited what Japan could buy from the U.S., froze Japanese financial assets, ended sales of iron and steel, and cut off oil shipments.

48. Pearl Harbor • Tensions continued to grow between the powers, until…… • December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii. • Japan’s goal: hurt the American Navy so they couldn’t interfere with expansion policies • 2,400 Americans were dead,1,200 were wounded, and 200 warships were destroyed.

49. REVIEW • In your notes, create a flow chart of events showing increasing tension between the U.S. and Japan. • Use all events to describe conflict leading up to the U.S. declaration of war. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *      U.S. DECLARES WAR!!!