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Explore the impact of new technologies on botanical endeavors, including accessing names, publications, collections, and ancillary info, accelerating taxonomic processes, and optimizing resources. Discover how internet advancements, computing, storage, GPS, imagery, and more are revolutionizing the field. Stay informed about utilizing these tools to create a more streamlined and effective Flora system.
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21st CENTURY FLORASNew technologies to speed the process Arthur D. Chapman paper134@achapman.org
Problems in beginning a new Flora Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to available names • Access to publications • Access to adequate collections • Access to ancillary information • Speed of the taxonomic process • Re-inventing the wheel • Size of the task With thanks to George Shepherd
250 years of Endeavour where are we now? where are we going?
Using emerging technologies Using emerging technologies • What emerging technologies? • How are they being used? • How can these be used to solve the problems of beginning a new Flora
Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
The Internet Internet • New high-speed parallel networks • From gopher to grid • Distributed systems • From Z39.50 to XML, SOAP • Interactive Mapping • From Imap to ArcIMS, Mapserver From http://ces.asu.edu/bdi/Subjects/Xanthoria/
Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Computer Storage Computer Storage 20 Gb USB/Firewire 256 Mb USB 160 Gb USB/Firewire 1 Gb smartcard
Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Chip Development Chip Development P4 P4 P3 P2 8008 286 486 P1 4004 8086 386
Changing Technologies Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Geocoding GPS • Manual coding • Automated georeferencing • GPS
Atlas of Australian Birds Australian Bird Atlas From Atlas Newsletter No. 9, 2002
Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Type collections INBIO Costa Rica
Type Collections US National Herbarium
Type Collections University of Florida
Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Digital Imagery Digital Imagery
Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Changing Technology • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Digital Libraries • Presentation Tools
Digital Libraries Digital Libraries With thanks to Barbara Thiers, NYBG
Changing Technologies • Internet • Computing • Storage • Processing speeds • GPS • Analysis Tools • Imagery • Scanners • Digital Photography • Digital Video • Presentation Tools
Flora of Australia Flora of Australia
Flora of Australia Flora of Australia
Using emerging technologies Using emereging technologies • Access to available names
Using emerging technologies Using emereging technologies • Access to available names • Catalogue of names (authority files) • Distributed access
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to publications
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to publications • Digital libraries • Scanning
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to adequate collections
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to adequate collections • Virtual Herbaria • DiGIR
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to ancillary information
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Access to ancillary information • Flora Braziliensis revisited • Digital libraries
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Speed of the taxonomic process
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Speed of the taxonomic process • Databases • Protologues • Types • Electronic publications • Names, check lists, floras, etc. • Working smarter • Sharing data, pooling descriptions
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Re-inventing the wheel • Other floras and electronic floras • Flora of Australia/XML • Distributed systems • Species Plantarum? • Utilising the resources
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Size of the task
Using emerging technologies Problems in beginning a new Flora • Size of the task • What type of Flora? • Who wants a Flora anyway? • Electronic Flora • Check lists, guide books • What are the priorities • Australian experience • Orchids – are they really plants? • 250 years of taxonomic endeavour
Working Smarter If Linnaeus was starting today would he do things the same way?
Working Smarter The future – • Linking distributed information • A distributed flora? • Searching interactively • ‘on demand’ Floras • Up-to-date information • Quicker, more efficient taxonomy
Working Smarter Working Smarter Taxonomic process • Searching for names • Searching for original descriptions • Searching for recent revisions • Searching for specimens/types • Creating a character set • Writing descriptions • Publishing
Working Smarter How can we improve efficiency Writing Floras • Gathering information from revisions • Re-keying information • Re-checking specimens • Geo-referencing • Checking other treatises, floras, etc. • Writing up • Mapping • Illustrating • Publishing • Data validation tools
Working Smarter LUCID
A fantasy • Person in field with a GPS and satellite link • Upload location • Download key and descriptions • Type in vegetation type – use interactive keys • Upload photograph or video • Get identification – or notification of possible new species • New description, photograph, etc. on spot added to database – perhaps with code rather than formal name. • Information is immediately to other researchers and taxonomists.