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Unit 4: Skeletal system including joints

Unit 4: Skeletal system including joints. Chapter 3. Skeletal System. Composed of the body’s bones and associated ____________, ____________, and ____________. Skeletal System functions. ____________

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Unit 4: Skeletal system including joints

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  1. Unit 4: Skeletal system including joints Chapter 3

  2. Skeletal System Composed of the body’s bones and associated ____________, ____________, and ____________.

  3. Skeletal System functions • ____________ • The bones of the legs, pelvic girdle, and vertebral column support the ____________of the erect body. • The mandible (jawbone) supports the ____________. • Other bones support various ____________and ____________. • ____________ • The bones of the skull protect the ____________. • Ribs and sternum (breastbone) protect the ____________and ____________. • Vertebrae protect the ____________ ______.

  4. ____________ • Skeletal muscles use the bones as ________to move the body. • ____________for minerals and adipose tissue • ______of the body’s calcium is stored in bone. • ______ of the body’s phosphorous is stored in bone. • Adipose tissue is found in the ____________of certain bones.

  5. 5. ____________ • A.k.a. blood cell ____________. • All blood cells are made in the ____________of certain bones.

  6. Bone Classification • There are ______named bones in the human body. • Each belongs to one of 2 large groups: • ______skeleton • Forms long axis of the body. • Includes the bones of the ___________ ________________________________. • These bones are involved in protection, support, and carrying other body parts. • ____________skeleton • Bones of upper & lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones) that attach them to the axial skeleton. • Involved in _______________________ ________________________________.

  7. Bone Classification 4 types of bones: • _______Bones • Much __________than they are _______. • All bones of the limbs except for the ___________ (kneecap), and the bones of the ________and _______. • Consists of a ________plus 2 expanded ends. • Your _____________are long bones even though they’re short Femur 

  8. Carpal Bones 2. _________Bones • Roughly _______ shaped. • Bones of the ______ and the ________. • _________Bones • Thin, flattened, and usually a bit ___________. • ___________________________________________________________________. Sternum

  9. 4. ____________Bones • Have ________shapes that fit none of the 3 previous classes. • __________________________________________________(sphenoid and the ethmoid bones). Sphenoid Bone Vertebra

  10. Bone Structure • Bones are ____________. Thus, they’re composed of multiple tissue types. Bones are composed of: • _________________________________ • ________________________ • ____________ • ________________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________

  11. All bones consist of a dense, solid outer layer known as ____________bone and an inner layer of ____________bone – a honeycomb of flat, needle-like projections called ____________. Above: Note the relationship btwn the compact and spongy bone. Below:Close up of spongy bone.

  12. Note the gross differences between the spongy bone and the compact bone in the above photo. Do you see the trabeculae?

  13. Compare compact and spongy bone as viewed with the light microscope

  14. Bone Structure • Bone Matrix: • Consists of _________and ______________ components. • ____ organic and _____ inorganic by weight. • Organic component consists of several materials that are secreted by the ____________ (responsible for bone formation) such as ____________fibers. • These (particularly the collagen) provide the bone with ___________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.

  15. Three-dimensional array of collagen molecules. The rod-shaped molecules lie in a staggered arrangement which acts as a template for bone mineralization. Bone mineral is laid down in the gaps. • Inorganic component of bone matrix • Consists mainly of __ salts: calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide. These 2 salts interact to form a compound called ____________. • Bone also contains smaller amounts of ____ ________________________________________. • All of these minerals give bone its characteristic ____________________________________________________________. Note collagen fibers in longitudinal & cross section and how they occupy space btwn the black bone cells.

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