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Machinery Auxiliary Systems

Machinery Auxiliary Systems. Contents and Targets. Supplementary to Project Guide. Presentation focuses on system part in excess of engine system diagrams. Target is presentation of real systems and their components in ships.

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Machinery Auxiliary Systems

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  1. Machinery Auxiliary Systems Contents and Targets Supplementary to Project Guide. Presentation focuses on system part in excess of engine system diagrams. Target is presentation of real systems and their components in ships. Many auxiliary systems are not dependent on engine power or transmission mode (electric - mechanical) Most are more dependent on number of main engines and number of main engine compartments Redundant engine rooms should be based on reliability and maintainability analysis Simple is beautiful! This is valid for all systems.

  2. Fuel Oil Systems • HFO treatment plant in ship now receives ample attention. It hardly depends on fuel quality. • Fuel fed to engine must be • homogenous • clean of particles • in correct viscosity • in correct pressure • ample circulation flow • This requires proper systems for • bunkering, • storage, • transfer, • purifying, • feeding • Every stage consists of potential hazards, both in system design and ship operation

  3. Fuel Oil Bunkering Bunkering place depends on price and quality. Extra fuel is carried onboard for one or two roundtrips. Bunkering stations on both sides. Capacity to receive 100 … 1000 m3/h. Most ships have own volume counters. Standardised flanges for HFO and MDO to prevent errors. Gravity filling when delivered to shipside. Station is arranged so, that fuel entering in overflow pipe is immediately detected. Fuel related problems are well-known. Most owners utilise analysing services: Sample dripped into sealed bottles. New fuel is kept separate to avoid compatibility problems.

  4. Fuel Oil Bunkering Most ships have own volume counters.

  5. Fuel Oil Bunkering and Storage HFO overflow tank DO transfer pump DO day tank DO storag t. DO Emerggener. tank Bunkering station midship, open deck (sometimes engine room fore corner) HFO settling t. day tanks settling t. HFO storage tanks P & SB DO transfer pump(often purifier pump) HFO suction line HFO pump suction line HFO drop fill line in double bottom pipe tunnel HFO transfer pumps transfer pump dimensioned for max. 6 h / day

  6. Fuel Oil Storage and Transfer HFO is stored in deep and DB tanks. Fore and aft tanks help optimal trim. Not against shell! HFO tank & transfer pipe heating is major energy consumer. Many new cargo ships have deep tank groups, not extending to sides. Dimensioning: largest tank kept at 40oC while second largest is heated up. HFO transfer pump feeds fuel to settling tanks. Two tanks for safety and flexibility. Storage tank equipment: sounding: remote and local, air pipes, overflow pipes, heating coils in bottom & around suction bell, Settling tank allows water and impurities sedimentation on bottom. Equipment: heating coils, insulation, water drain, suction above bottom, baffle plates. High tank with inclined bottom. Kept at constant temperature 60oC.

  7. Fuel Oil Transfer and Purifying From HFO transfer pumps Overflow line from HFO day tank to settling tank Cooler Preheaters Water drain in all fuel tanks HFO day tank Purifier feed pumps From DO storage DO feed pump To sludge tank Separate day tanks for HFO and MDO

  8. Fuel Oil Transfer and Purifying

  9. Fuel Oil Feeder Systems Cooling coil Pressure setting HFO day tank DO day tank De-aeration (mixing) tank Flow meter Viscosimeter Pressure setting after ME Self cleaning filter, manual bypass filter Clean leak Dirty leak Never more than 3 engines connected to one system

  10. Fuel Oil Feeder Systems Never more than 3 engines connected to one system

  11. Positions of Fuel Oil Treatment Units Preferably no HFO tanks against sea Diesel Oil HFO Storage tank Storage tank Overflow tk (Port side) Fuel purifiers HFO Settling tk Service tk HFO Storage tk

  12. Positions of Fuel Oil Treatment Units Fuel Oil HFO Storage transfer pumps tanks HFO Storage tanks also in fore ship

  13. Fuel Oil Feeding Systems • Practical engine room designer topics • Only two engines fitted into one system • Location of booster module: • ‘fuel corner’ is recommended, together with fuel purifiers • rather high distance from engines accepted • protected piping route! Not near walkways, delicate components nor areas where heavy loads are moved. • module maintenance aspects. Insulated pipe is no footstep! • plan a safe escape route in case of fire

  14. Fuel Oil Feeding Systems • Damping of pressure pulses • Injection pump causes short duration pulses • Level 15 bar in common, even 80 bar measured • Mild failures: pressure sensors, .. • Serious failures: pipe ruptures • Level is difficult to predict, level depends on many parameters • IMO will set limit to16 bar or double wall pipes required • Many types of dampers are used

  15. Fuel Oil Feeding Systems • Common problems: • frequent filter clogging: incompatible fuel, small filters, purifier problems • element cavitation caused by water or gas in fuel • screw pump seizure as result of excessive recirculation • Fire hazard • MDO spray ignites immediately when hit on a hot (>150C) surface. • HFO ignition almost equivalent • Protective shielding around flange connections with leak monitoring • Location of fuel lines, delicate and hot equipment • Highest heat is directed above the flames

  16. Fuel Oil Equipment on Engine Injection pumps and pipes are generally well encapsulated Pressure control valve fitted on each engine Supply and return pipes must tolerate constant movement of resiliently mounted engine Leakage oil pipes (clean and dirty) monitored by level switch, trace heating needed Engine driven fuel circulation pumps common, especially in auxiliary engines Emergency operation secured with gravity MDO tank or pneumatic pump

  17. Lubrication Oil Systems Separate system for each engine. Right design of circulation tank important. Note main pump height and its suction capacity. Cavitation is common! Both automatic filter and safety filters are installed Continuously operating oil clarifier in by-pass line Stop valves in sump drain pipes are required if no cofferdam is built below circulation oil tank. They prevent water entering in engine and machinery space. Cooler and thermostate valve are often built on the engine Oil level Vent pipe led to engine casing Purifier suction in the lowest point

  18. Lubrication Oil Systems Engine driven pumps are preferred if several main engines. Electrically driven priming pump, its capacity depends on duty. Two full size electrically driven pumps are standard for single engine ships Emergency lubrication arrangement needed in special cases (when no disconnection clutch). Gravity tank or pneumatically driven pump Stop valves in sump drain pipes are required if no cofferdam is built below circulation oil tank Flexible pipe joints in case of resiliently mounted engine

  19. Lubrication Oil Systems

  20. CP Propeller Lubrication Oil Systems CP-propeller oil system is integrated for pitch control, cooling and lubrication of mechanisms. Separate from any other oil system. Typically two electrically driven pumps, filters and coolers assembled on top of storage tank. Emergency lubrication arrangement needed in special cases. Monitoring of water content and metal debris in oil is important. Contaminated oil lot is replaced. Can also be purified with centrifuge unit.

  21. Positions of Fuel and Lubrication Oil Equipment LO purifiers FO booster module (to CL of HFO service tank) LO pumps LO coolers and filters LO circulation tank (more LO tanks in double bottom)

  22. Steam and Fresh Water Systems – MS Seahorse Sanitary water treatment Condenser Fresh w generator 50 55 60 65 70 75 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Fresh water tanks P & S 2 x 100 m3

  23. 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Overhaul and Material Transport – MS Seahorse Traverse crane above main engine Engine Engineer store workshop Bunkering stations P&S Lifting rail above in the shaft tunnel (Port) Heavy main engine spare parts secured

  24. Overhaul and Material Transport – MS Seahorse (Port) Heavy engine spare parts secured Service hatches to weather deck at service crane reach 50 55 60 65 70 75 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Lifting rails above diesel gensets, in workshop and store Engine Engineer store workshop

  25. Oil Treatment and Storages – MS Seahorse Bunkering station P&S on main deck 19500 DOUBLE BOTTOM TANKS in 50 % scale Oil circulation tank 50 m3 CW drain tank 18 m3 AE LO tank 10 m3 Boiler feed water 44 m3 HFO transfer pumps (on the tanktop) Distribution box 25 m3 HFO settling tank HFO day tank Low sea chest HFO DB stor. Leak oil tank 15 m3 Leak Oil 8 m3 HFO storage 150 m3 HFO overflow 35 m3

  26. Oil Treatment and Storages – MS Seahorse Access to steering gear Cylinder Oil tank 50 m3 AE LO units LO tanks MDO storage tanks AE booster unit 50 55 60 65 70 75 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 LO purifiers HFO purifiers & booster unit HFO settling and day tanks

  27. Lube Oil and Cooling Water Systems – MS Seahorse Main SW pumps Central coolers Sea chests LO transfer pump SW filters Fire pump Aux. SW pumps LO filter Fire pump LO circulation pumps LO automatic filter

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