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CSCI 101 Final Exam Review

CSCI 101 Final Exam Review. Dannelly's Sections. This short overview is not intended to be a complete review for the final exam. Review your notes and homework. Historically in Dannelly's CSCI101 classes, the class average of the final exam is

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CSCI 101 Final Exam Review

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  1. CSCI 101 Final Exam Review Dannelly's Sections

  2. This short overview is not intended to be a complete review for the final exam. Review your notes and homework. Historically in Dannelly's CSCI101 classes, the class average of the final exam is 10 points lower than the midterm average.

  3. Exam Format • Comprehensive Exam • some questions stolen from midterm and quizzes • review the homework assignments • Mostly multiple choice. • bring a couple of #2 pencils

  4. History • General design and internal operation of computers has not changed much in 60 years. • Basic Operations are both very simple (add, subtract, compare, …) and limited in number • Moore's Law -> transistors per square inch doubles every two years. • Cheaper and Faster -> more people use them for more purposes • Future likely to include more "cloud" and "wearable"

  5. Hardware Terms • binary numbers • PC / workstation / server / supercomputer • internal components: • motherboard • CPU • RAM (main memory) • ROM (small, permanent memory)

  6. Memory Capacity • Bit - 0 or 1 • Byte - 8 bits • KiloByte - approx one thousand bytes • MegaByte - approx one million bytes • GigaByte - approx one billion bytes • TeraByte - approx one trillion bytes

  7. Operating Systems • OS is software that controls access to all the hardware resources such as memory, the CPU, and files • Allows multiple programs to share the CPU by quickly swapping which process is currently running • one CPU can only execute one instruction at a time • dual-core CPU can execute two instructions at once • Example Operating Systems, among many, are Windows and Linux

  8. Internet • Network of Networks • Began in 1969 by the DoD • now owned by big telecom companies • Bandwidth = data capacity • Net Neutrality • Domain Name - a name that has been registered and tied to an internet address • To get your own domain name (such as winthrop.edu) you need to have your own IP address (such as 10.2.0.164) and pay a small annual registration fee to ICANN to have an entry in the DNS. Or just rent server space and let them register your domain name.

  9. Viruses • virus • copies itself and usually destroys files • carried by files such as email attachments, "free" software, JavaScript inside web pages, etc • worm • moves around via network devices, no user interaction needed to spread worms • trojan horse • virus or worm that hides inside another program

  10. Networking Terms • LAN • local area network • connects a small number of computers (less than 100) in a small place (one building) • WAN • wide area network • connects LANS • Router • the box that connects your LAN to the bigger network • Client / Server • a method of processing where a central location provides a service, eg web servers and email servers • Peer-to-Peer (P2P) • instead of using a central server, computers talk directly to each other

  11. Communication Media • DSL - digital subscriber line • uses the same type of twisted pair wire as your phone • works well over short distances • Cable Modem • uses the same wire as your TV cable, which can better handle high bandwidth over long distances • Fiber Optic • extremely high bandwidth • expensive to install and repair, very hard to tap • Radio / WiFi • the wave of the future?

  12. Software Development • Algorithm - a set of steps to solve a problem • Programming - turning an algorithm into source code • Source Code - the human readable instructions that tell the computer what to do • Machine Code - the 0s and 1s version of the source code that the machine understands and executes

  13. Database Terminology • Tables • a grouping of related information • rows and columns • Records • data about one entity • rows • Fields • attributes, information categories • columns • Keys • Fields that are used to identified individual records, and/or link tables

  14. HTML Tags to Memorize Format of Every Web Page <html> <head> <title> My Home Page </title> </head> <body> This is my home page. </body> </html>

  15. HTML Tags to Memorize <b> </b> <center> </center> <h1> </h1> <h2> </h2> … <BR> <P> &nbsp; <a href="http://www.cnn.com">link</a> <img src="aardvark.jpg">

  16. HTML Tags to Recognize Lists and Tables <ul> <ol> <li> <table rules=all width=500> <tr> <td>

  17. HTML Tags to Recognize Styles <style type="text/css"> a:hover {background:orange; color:blue} h1 {background:maroon; color:gold} </style> <a href ="bob.htm" style="text-decoration:none; color:black">

  18. Interactive Web Pages • Forms • allows web page user to input information that is submitted to a program running on a web server machine • requires a specialized program running on the server to process the data • JavaScript • instructions run by the web browser on your PC • "function" - a block of instructions

  19. Questions? Thurmond 315 dannellys@winthrop.edu

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