Abnormal Behavior: Historical Perspectives

1. Abnormal Behavior: Historical Perspectives

2. 2 Abnormal Behavior Abnormal Deviating from Normal or Average Behavior Personal Conduct

3. 3 Defining Abnormal Behavior Norm Violation Statistical Rarity Personal Discomfort Maladaptive Behavior

4. 4 1. Norm Violation Norms = �Right� vs. �Wrong� Deviance Associated With: Incomprehensibility Rarity Observer Discomfort Violation of Social/Cultural Standards

5. 5 Andrew Martinez �NORMAL� GUY?

6. 6 The Naked Guy, Andrew Martinez �ABNORMAL�? UC Berkeley student who attended classes in the nude

7. 7 Madonna: Norm Violation? LIKE A VIRGIN! Society Rewarding of Conformity

8. 8 Marilyn Manson: Norm Violation? Male wearing heavy makeup Abnormal?

9. 9 2. Statistical Rarity Normal Falls within average Abnormal Behavior Deviation from the average Example: Mental Retardation

10. 10

11. 11 Homosexuality STATISTICAL ABNORMALITY?

12. 12 3. Personal Discomfort Distressing feelings, thoughts or behaviors Judged from the person�s own perspective as distressing OCD

13. 13 4. Maladaptive Behavior Behavior Pattern Focuses on the adaptiveness of the behavior Functioning Focuses on various levels of functioning Disability Impaired ability to function

14. 14 Marijuana Abuse

15. 15 Psychopathology Scientific study of psychological disorders

16. 16 Culture & Gender - Abnormality Determine the ways people express distress or lose touch with reality Relate to people�s willingness to admit to psychological disturbances Influence the types of treatment people will accept

17. 17 Definition of Abnormality in DSM-IV Behavioral, emotional, or cognitive dysfunctions that are unexpected in the cultural context and associated with personal distress or substantial impairment in functioning

18. 18 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Supernatural Model Agents outside our bodies and the environment influence our emotions, thinking, and behaviors Demons, Divinities, Spirits, Magnetic Field

19. 19 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior 8000 B.C. - Stone Age Archeological Evidence � Skulls with holes drilled in them Believed that evil spirits were trapped inside the head Releasing the evil spirits would cause a return to normality

20. 20 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior TREPHINING

21. 21 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior

22. 22 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Hippocrates (460-377 BC) Humoral Theory Good Health Associated With 4 bodily fluids Black bile Yellow bile Phlegm Blood

23. 23 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior EXORCISM Another method of driving away evil spirits

24. 24 Recent Exorcism? Minister Barred from Exorcisms (Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)--A self-described minister facing a criminal charge in the death of an autistic child during a prayer session was ordered not to perform exorcisms as a bail condition during a Wednesday court appearance. Crimenews2000.com MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin (AP) -- A pastor said Saturday that church leaders were trying to heal an autistic 8-year-old boy when he inexplicably stopped breathing and died during a prayer service Friday night. CNN.com (August 24, 2003)

25. 25 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Paracelsus (1493-1541) Swiss Physician Rejected notions of possession by the devil Suggested that the movements of the moon & stars had effects on psychological functioning Inspired the word �LUNATIC� derived from the Latin word for moon, Luna

26. 26

27. 27 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Bleeding or Bloodletting Measured amount of blood removed from the body, typically with leeches

28. 28 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Induction of Vomiting Eating tobacco or half-boiled cabbage to induce vomiting (Burton, 1621)

29. 29 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior 15th Century THE WITCH HUNTS Witches are causes of madness

30. 30 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior EARLY ASYLUMS Middle Ages or �Dark Ages� Very Poor Conditions Example: Bedlam (Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem in London)

31. 31

32. 32

33. 33

34. 34 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior

35. 35 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior 1st half of 18th Century REFORM MOVEMENT Jean Baptisete Pussin in Paris Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) William Tuke in England (1732-1822) Benjamin Rush in America (1745-1813)

36. 36 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Tranquilizing Chair Purpose was to reduce stimulating blood flow to the brain by binding the patient�s head and limbs Benjamin Rush

37. 37 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Hydrotherapy Surprise immersions into cold water

38. 38 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior MORAL TREATMENT Treating patients as normally as possible in a setting that reinforced normal social interaction Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)

39. 39 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior 19th Century Syphilis A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain

40. 40 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Insulin Shock Therapy Dosage of insulin used to bring about convulsions Dangerous: Resulted in prolonged coma or death Polish Physician 1927 � Manfred Sakel

41. 41 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Electroconvulsive Therapy Induced brain seizures to cure schizophrenia Joseph von Meduna

42. 42 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Emergence of Modern Perspectives Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Cognitive

43. 43 History of Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Deinstitutionalization 1960�s Mentally ill integrated into communities