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Social Development (Chapter 13)

This lecture outline delves into emotional development, exploring the concepts of self and personality through the lens of temperament differentiation theory. It covers the spectrum of emotions, from joy to anger, examining both innate dispositions and learned experiences, including Paul Ekman's facial action coding. Erik Erikson's stages of personality development highlight critical issues from birth to old age. Additionally, the outline discusses self-concept, self-esteem, and how children learn to interpret emotional cues, emphasizing the significance of temperament in interpersonal relationships and career dynamics.

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Social Development (Chapter 13)

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  1. Social Development (Chapter 13) Lecture Outline: Emotional development The “self” and personality Temperament

  2. Differentiation theory Excitement Positive emotions Negative Emotions surprise sad pain joy anger interest

  3. Other theories of emotion • Discrete emotions theory: • Innately disposed to experience emotions • Behavioral and cognitive approaches: • Emotions are learned through experience and represented cognitively • Labels are applied to physiological states: Eat two chocolate bars and go to the movies

  4. Paul Ekman: Facial Action Coding

  5. Emotions have adaptive evolutionary function • Joy: About to achieve a goal • Anger: Confronted by an obstacle • Sadness: A goal is unattainable • Disgust: Something distasteful is happening • All of these emotions lead to motivation for some kind of action or reaction

  6. Children must learn to read emotional cues: Is this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed irritation?

  7. Erik Erikson and Personality Development • Trust vs. mistrust: Birth to 1 year • Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (1-3) • Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6) • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12) • Identity vs. Role confusion (adolescence) • Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood) • Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adult) • Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

  8. Self concept What am “I” Physical, active, social, psychological components are related to progression across ages Self-esteem Evaluative component How valued am I? People internalize the evaluative judgements made by others The “Self”

  9. Temperament • Disposition, intensity, and duration of emotional experience • Easy: Playful, adaptable, regular in sleep and eating cycles • Difficult: Fusy, irregular, unadaptable to new situations • Slow-to-warm up: Avoid/ shy with novelty • Goodness-of-fit: person X environment interaction

  10. What do these non-verbal behaviors tell you about the temperaments of these job candidates? Who would you hire?

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