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HISTOLOGI KARDIOVASKULER

HISTOLOGI KARDIOVASKULER. SYSTEMA CIRCULATORIUS. KLASIFIKASI: SISTEM KARDIOVASKULAR PEMBULUH DARAH JANTUNG SISTEM LIMFATIK NODUS LYMPHATICUS PEMBULUH LIMFE HUBUNGAN STRUKTURAL/FUNGSIONAL: SISTEM KARDIOVASKULAR BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN SISTEM LIMFATIK HISTOLOGI:

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HISTOLOGI KARDIOVASKULER

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  1. HISTOLOGI KARDIOVASKULER

  2. SYSTEMA CIRCULATORIUS • KLASIFIKASI: • SISTEM KARDIOVASKULAR • PEMBULUH DARAH • JANTUNG • SISTEM LIMFATIK • NODUS LYMPHATICUS • PEMBULUH LIMFE • HUBUNGAN STRUKTURAL/FUNGSIONAL: • SISTEM KARDIOVASKULAR BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN SISTEM LIMFATIK • HISTOLOGI: • SELURUH SISTEM DIBATASI OLEH ENDOTEL

  3. HUBUNGAN TIMBAL BALIK SISTEM LIMFATIK DAN SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER • SISTEM LIMFATIKSISTEM KARDIO-VASKULER • DUCTUS THORACICUS ET DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER BERMUARA DALAM VENA BESAR SEBAGAI BAGIAN SISTEM PEMBULUH DARAH • SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER SISTEM LIMFATIK • CAIRAN LIMFE DENGAN LIMFOSIT DALAM VENULA POST-CAPILER DALAM SETIAP NODUS LYMPHATICUS SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI SISTEM PEMBULUH DARAH,MASUK SISTEM LIMFATIK, • YANG PADA AKHIRNYA DITAMPUNG DALAM KEDUA SALURAN LIMFE BESAR

  4. SYSTEMA CIRCULATORIUS DUCTUS THORACICUS JANTUNG ARTERIA BESAR ARTERIA SEDANG ARTERIA KECIL PEMBULUH KAPILER VENA KECIL VENA SEDANG VENA BESAR SISTEM KARDIOVASKULAR SISTEM LIMFATIKA

  5. SISTEM LIMFATIK KAPILER LIMFE BUNTU KAPILER LIMFE BUNTU (vasa aferentia) (vasa aferentia) NODUS LYMPHATICUS NODUS LYMPHATICUS Vasaeferentia DUCTUS THORACICUS ET DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER PEMBULUH LIMFE BESAR PEMBULUH DARAH VENA JANTUNG

  6. ALIRAN CAIRAN LIMFE • CAIRAN LIMFE (CAIRAN JARINGAN) • PLASMA • LIMFOSIT • PEMBULUH LIMFE • DIMULAI DENGAN KAPILER LIMFE BUNTU • MENAMPUNG DARI CAIRAN JARINGAN • NODUS LYMPHATICUS • MENAMPUNG KAPILER PADA PERMUKAAN CEMBUNG • PEMBULUH LIMFE LEBIH BESAR • MENAMPUNG DARI VASA EFERENTIA N. LYMPHATICUS • PEMBULUH LIMFE BESAR MENUJU KE JANTUNG • DIAMETER PEMBULUH LIMFE SEMAKIN BESAR • DUCTUS THORACICUS V. SUBCLAVIA SINISTRA • DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER V. SUBCLAVIA DEXTRA

  7. ALIRAN CAIRAN LIMFE ARTERI VENA NODUS LYMPHATICUS

  8. SIRKULASI PLASMA DAN LIMFOSIT SISTEM KARDIO - VASKULER SISTEM LIMFE

  9. DINDING VASA LYMPHATICA • VASA AFERENTIA • MENAMPUNG CAIRAN JARINGAN • DIAMETER LEBIH BESAR SEDIKIT DARI KAPILER DARAH • SELAPIS SEL ENDOTEL TIPIS • TIDAK ADA PERISIT • MASUK KE DALAM SINUS LYMPHATICUS DALAN NODUSLYMPHATICUS • KELUAR DARI HILUS SEBAGAI VASA EFERENTIA • STRUKTUR DINDING SAMA DENGAN VASA AFERENTIA • MENGANGKUT CAIRAN LIMFE DENGAN LIMFOSIT • VASA LYMPHATICA • MENERIMA BEBERAPA VASA EFERENTIA, DIAMETER BERTAMBAH BESAR • DINDING BERTAMBAH TEBAL • DI BAGIAN DALAM DILENGKAPI DENGAN VALVULA • DUCTUS THORACICUS DAN DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER

  10. DINDING VASA LYMPHATICA VALVULA VENULA

  11. VASA LYMPHATICA BESAR • VASA LYMPHATICA BERDIAMETER >0,2 mm • DILENGKAPI VALVULA • DIBEDAKAN 3 LAPISAN DINDING: • TUNICA INTIMA • TUNICA MEDIA • 2 LAPISAN SEL-SEL OTOT POLOS • TUNICA ADVENTITIA • BANYAK MENGANDUNG SERABUT KOLAGEN DAN ELASTIS • DUCTUS THORACICUS ET DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER (PEMBULUH LIMFE TERBESAR) • DILENGKAPI DENGAN VALVULA • 3 LAPISAN DINDING YANG KURANG JELAS • TUNICA INTIMA: ENDOTIL DAN SERABUT KOLAGEN & ELAS • TUNICA MEDIA : SEL OTOT POLOS • TUNICA ADVENTITIA: SEL-SEL OTOT POLOS MEMANJANG

  12. VASA LYMPHATICA BESAR DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER VENA CAVA SUPERIOR DUCTUS THORACICUS

  13. Arteries Elastic arteries Muscular arteries Arterioles Capillaries Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal Veins Veins, venules

  14. Vessel Structure - General • All vessels same basic structure • 3 wall layers (or tunics) • Tunica adventitia (externa) - elastic and laminar fibers • Tunica media • thickest layer • elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers • Tunica interna (intima) • endothelium – non-stick layer • basement membrane • internal elastic lamina • Lumen - opening

  15. Structure of Blood Vessels • Composed of three layers (tunics) • Tunica intima – composed of simple squamous epithelium • Tunica media – sheets of smooth muscle • Contraction – vasoconstriction • Relaxation – vasodilation • Tunica externa – composed of connective tissue • Lumen • Central blood-filled space of a vessel

  16. Structure of Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries Figure 19.1a

  17. Types of Blood Vessels • Arteries – carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries – smallest blood vessels • The site of exchange of molecules between blood and tissue fluid • Veins – carry blood toward the heart

  18. Elastic arteries – the largest arteries Diameters range from 2.5 cm to 1 cm Includes the aorta and its major branches Sometimes called conducting arteries High elastin content dampens surge of blood pressure Aorta, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, vertebral, pulmonary, common iliac Types of Arteries

  19. Vessel Structure – Elastic Arteries • Elastic (conducting) arteries • Near heart • Thick walls • More elastic fiber, less smooth muscle • Lose elasticity with aging

  20. Vessel Structure - Elastic Arteries • Aorta and elastic arteries • Can vasoconstrict or vasodilate • Large arteries expand, absorb pressure wave then release it with elastic recoil - Windkessel effect • Help to push blood along during diastole • With aging have less expansion and recoil

  21. Types of Arteries Muscular (distributing) arteries • Lie distal to elastic arteries • Capable of grater vasoconstriction and vaodilation to adjust the blood flow • Diameters range from 1 cm to 0.3 mm • Includes most named arteries • Tunica media is thick, More smooth muscle • Less elastic fibers • Many of the arteries anastomose • Unique features • Internal and external elastic laminae • Distribute blood to skeletal muscles & internal organs • Ex: external carotid, brachial, mesenteric, femoral Figure 19.2b

  22. Types of Arteries Arterioles • Smallest arteries • Diameters range from 0.3 mm to 10 µm • Larger arterioles possess all three tunics • Diameter of arterioles controlled by • Local factors in the tissues (02 levels) • Sympathetic nervous system • hormonal stimulation Figure 19.2c

  23. Arterioles • Arterioles are small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries. • Also have the three layers as an artery. • Tunica media 1-2 layers of smooth muscle fibers • A change in diameter of arterioles can significantly affect blood pressure. • Through constriction and dilation, arterioles assume a key role in regulating blood flow from arteries into capillaries and in altering arterial blood pressure.

  24. Vessel Structure - Capillaries • Allow exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue • Capillary structure - simple • Basal lamina - connective tissue • Endothelial cells • Structure/function

  25. Arteriole: structure • Metarteriole • Arteriole • Capillary Activity 3

  26. Smallest blood vessels Diameter from 8–10 µm Red blood cells pass through single file Site-specific functions of capillaries Lungs – oxygen enters blood, carbon dioxide leaves Small intestines – receive digested nutrients Endocrine glands – pick up hormones Kidneys – removal of nitrogenous wastes Capillaries

  27. Capillaries • Tempat pertukaran material nutrien antara darah dan jaringan. • Tempat terjadinya mikrosirkulasi:aliran darah dari arteriole menuju venule malaui kapiler. • capiller tidak berpori (continuous Capillaries) dan berpori ( fenestrated). • Precappilary sphincters mengatur aliran darah melalui capillaries. • Pada liver berupa sinusoid

  28. Capillaries • Capillary walls are made of a single layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane. They have no tunica media or tunica externa. • Body tissues with high metabolic requirements, such as muscles, kidneys, liver and nervous system, have an extensive network of capillaries. • Tissues with low metabolic requirements have fewer capillaries-tendons and ligaments. • All covering and lining epithelia, cornea and lens of the eye-lack capillaries.

  29. Types of Capillaries • True capillaries:emerge from arterioles and metarterioles. • Continuous capillaries-found in skeletal and smooth muscle, connective tissues and the lungs. • Fenestrated capillaries-kidneys, villi os the SI, choroid plexuses in brain, ciliary process, endocrine glands. • Sinusoids:are wider and more winding than other capillaries. Present in liver, red bone marrow, pleen, ant.pit. Gland, and parathyroid glands.

  30. RBCs in a Capillary Figure 19.3

  31. Capillary Beds • Network of capillaries running through tissues • Precapillary sphincters • Regulate the flow of blood to tissues • Tendons and ligaments – poorly vascularized • Epithelia and cartilage – avascular • Receive nutrients from nearby CT

  32. Capillary Beds Figure 19.4a

  33. Capillary Beds Figure 19.4b

  34. Local control of blood vessels • Sphincters contract or relax based on demand for: • nutrients (AA, glucose, fatty acids) • Dissolved gases (O2, CO2 load, lactic acid) • Additional capillaries grow in to area to satisfy increased energy demands

  35. Capillary Permeabillity • Endothelial cells – held together by tight junctions and desmosomes • Intercellular clefts – gaps of unjoined membrane • Small molecules can enter and exit • Two types of capillary • Continuous – most common • Fenestrated – have pores • Sinusoid

  36. Types of Capillaries • 3 types of capillaries • Continuous capillaries • continuous endothelial cells except for cleft between cells • tight junctions between endothelial cells prevent most things from leaving caps • most capillaries in body

  37. Structure of Capillaries – Cross Section Figure 19.5a

  38. Types of Capillaries • Fenestrated capillaries • fenestrations (slits) allow for filtration of small substances • glomerular capillaries in kidney

  39. Structure of Capillaries – Cross Section Figure 19.5b

  40. Routes of Capillary Permeability • Four routes into and out of capillaries • Direct diffusion • Through intercellular clefts • Through cytoplasmic vesicles • Through fenestrations

  41. Low Permeability Capillaries • Blood-brain barrier • Capillaries have complete tight junctions • No intercellular clefts are present • Vital molecules pass through • Highly selective transport mechanisms • Not a barrier against • Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and some anesthetics

  42. Types of Capillaries • Sinusoid capillaries • wider gaps between endothelial cells allowing RBC’s to exit the caps • found in liver

  43. Sinusoids • Wide, leaky capillaries found in some organs • Usually fenestrated • Intercellular clefts are wide open • Occur in bone marrow and spleen • Sinusoids have a large diameter and twisted course

  44. Sinusoids Figure 19.5c

  45. Veins • Conduct blood from capillaries toward the heart • Blood pressure is much lower than in arteries • Smallest veins – called venules • Diameters from 8 – 100 µm • Smallest venules – called postcapillary venules • Venules join to form veins • Tunica externa is the thickest tunic in veins

  46. Vessel Structure – Veins • Veins • Interna thicker than arteries • Media thinner, less muscle • Externa thick • Valves • Pressure low • High compliance - change volume easily with small change in pressure • Varicose veins

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