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Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals

Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals. Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals. Introduction to IPv6 Unicast IPv6 Addresses Configuring IPv6. Lesson 1: Introduction to IPv6. IPv4 Limitations IPv6 Improvements Discussion: IPv6 Challenges IPv6 Address Space IPv6 Address Syntax IPv6 Address Types

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Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals

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  1. Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals

  2. Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals • Introduction to IPv6 • Unicast IPv6 Addresses • Configuring IPv6

  3. Lesson 1: Introduction to IPv6 • IPv4 Limitations • IPv6 Improvements • Discussion: IPv6 Challenges • IPv6 Address Space • IPv6 Address Syntax • IPv6 Address Types • Neighbor Discovery

  4. IPv4 Limitations The limitations of IPv4 are: • Limited number of addresses • Routing difficult to manage • Host configuration is complex • No built-in security • Limited quality of service

  5. IPv6 Improvements Improvements in IPv6 include: • Larger address space • More efficient routing • Simpler host configuration • Built-in security • Better prioritized delivery support • Redesigned headers for efficient processing and extensibility

  6. Discussion: IPv6 Challenges What are some of the challenges of implementing IPv6?

  7. IPv6 Address Space The IPv6 address space is: • 128 bits • Extremely large • Allows routing flexibility

  8. IPv6 Address Syntax IPv6 addresses are: • Displayed in hexadecimal • Can use zero compression • Use a prefix to define the network portion of the address rather than a subnet mask Examples: 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/64 2001:DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64 2001:DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64

  9. IPv6 Address Types IPv6 addresses types include:

  10. Neighbor Discovery Neighbor Discovery is a set of messages and processes that determine relationships between neighboring nodes Some of the ND functions are: • Router discovery • Prefix discovery • Parameter discovery • Address auto-configuration • Address resolution • Duplicate address detection

  11. Lesson 2: Unicast IPv6 Addresses • Interface Identifiers • What Are Global Unicast Addresses? • What Are Link-Local Addresses? • What Are Unique Local Unicast Addresses? • Special IPv6 Addresses

  12. Interface Identifiers An interface identifier is: • The last 64 bits of an IPv6 address • Used as a media access control(MAC) address is in IPv4 An interface identifier can be: • An EUI-64 address • A randomly generated temporary identifier • A randomly generated permanent identifier • A manually assigned identifier

  13. What Are Global Unicast Addresses? 001 Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID 48 bits 16 bits 64 bits Public Topology Site Topology Interface Identifier Global unicast addresses are: • Equivalent to public IPv4 addresses • Globally routable on the Internet • Designed for hierarchical routing

  14. What Are Link-Local Addresses? 1111 1110 10 000 … 000 Interface ID 10 bits 54 bits 64 bits Link-local addresses are: • Equivalent to APIPA IPv4 addresses • Unique on the local network • Required for Neighbor Discovery • Always automatically configured for an interface • Begin with FE80::/64

  15. What Are Unique Local Unicast Addresses 1111 110 L Global ID Subnet ID Interface ID 7 bits 40 bits 16 bits 64 bits Unique local unicast addresses: • Are equivalent to IPv4 private IP addresses • Have a 40 bit Global ID you should use for your entire organization • Have 16 bits designated for subnetting • Replace site local addresses

  16. Special IPv6 Addresses Unspecified address: • 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or :: • Equivalent to IPv4 address 0.0.0.0 • Only ever used as a source address Loopback address: • 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1 • Equivalent to IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 • Used for testing the local IPv6 stack

  17. Lesson 3: Configuring IPv6 • IPv6 Addresses Assigned to a Host • Demonstration: Configuring IPv6 • Address Autoconfiguration • The Autoconfiguration Process • What Is DHCPv6?

  18. IPv6 Addresses Assigned to a Host Unicast addresses: • A link local address for each interface • A unique local unicast address or global unicast address • A loopback interface with ::1 Multicast addresses: • The interface-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1) • The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1) • The solicited-node address for each unicast address on each interface • The multicast addresses of joined groups on each interface

  19. Demonstration: Configuring IPv6 In this demonstration, you will see how to configure IPv6 with a static address

  20. Address Autoconfiguration Valid Tentative Preferred Deprecated Invalid Time Preferred Lifetime Valid Lifetime Address autoconfiguration can be: • Stateful • Stateless Autoconfigured address states: • Tentative • Valid • Preferred • Deprecated • Invalid

  21. The Autoconfiguration Process Derive link-local address: FE80::[interface ID] Set hop limit, reachable time, retrans timer, MTU Send multicast neighbor solicitation with target address set to derived local-link address Are prefix information options present? Yes Neighbor advertisement response received? Yes Stop autoconfiguration No Process prefix options Is managed address configuration flag set to 1? No Initialize link-local address Send router solicitation Is other stateful configuration flag set to 1? Router advertisement response received? No Use stateful address configuration protocol Yes Stop autoconfiguration

  22. What Is DHCPv6? • Client sends a Solicit message • Server sends an Advertise message • Client sends a Request message • Server sends a Reply message 1 2 3 4

  23. Lab: Configuring IPv6 • Exercise 1: Defining IPv6 Networks for Internal Use • Exercise 2: Configuring a Static IPv6 Address on a Server Logon information Estimated time: 30 minutes

  24. Lab Review • Why was NYC-DC1 only configured with a link-local IPv6 address? • How can you quickly identify that an IPv6 address is a unique local unicast address?

  25. Module Review and Takeaways • Review Questions • Real-world Issues and Scenarios • Best Practices

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