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Interacting with Communities

Interacting with Communities. Working with the Poor. Participatory Learning & Action (PLA). Introduction - Why PLA? A truly participatory approach of working with the communities can be introduced by using Participatory Learning & Action (PLA) techniques. The aim is

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Interacting with Communities

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  1. Interacting with Communities Working with the Poor Training Toolkit for Engineers

  2. Participatory Learning & Action (PLA) Introduction - Why PLA? A truly participatory approach of working with the communities can be introduced by using Participatory Learning & Action (PLA) techniques. The aim is • for people to analyze their own situation, rather than to have it analyzed by outsiders. • to empower the community to control the developmental activities in their communities for their own benefit Training Toolkit for Engineers

  3. Participatory Learning & Action (PLA) PLA helps to look • Deeper • Differently and at other • Dimensions of Community Concern PLA is not just a method. It is a process. It can be used for • Mobilizing & organizing communities • Empowering people & enabling them to articulate their problems • Initiating community level interventions in partnerships with people Training Toolkit for Engineers

  4. Participatory Learning & Action (PLA) • Building a team & introducing an inter-sectoral approach in looking at community problems & concerns • Seeking diverse solution to peoples problems Essential features of PLA: In this method the information thus collected can be cross-checked. We need – • A Team – Experts, Insiders, Outsiders. • Tools & Techniques – Discussions, Observations, Diagrams etc. • Various sources of Information – Events, Processes, People etc. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  5. Participatory Learning & Action (PLA) Essentials before PLA : • Clarify Goals & Objectives of the Study. • Choose Main Topics. • Prepare a List of such Topics, Indicators and Key Questions. • Identify Sources of Information for each Sub-topic. • Select Tools to Gather and Analyse Information. • Design Research Tools. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  6. The seed technique being used PLA Tools & Techniques Some PLA methods that can be used for understanding the communities are: • Transect or walk through • Community Resource Mapping • Trends Analysis • Time Line • Seasonality Diagramming • Problem Diagrams • Linkages • Pie Diagrams • Family Line • Daily Routine Diagrams • Matrix Ranking/scoring • Pairwise Ranking • Wealth Ranking • Resource Flow • Decision Matrix • One Page Story Training Toolkit for Engineers

  7. Transect What is aTransect ? • A transect or a walk through is the first visit to the community to know its different features. Why should one do a Transect? • A walkthrough will help us to note • The resources exist in the area such as household water taps, garbage points, sanitation systems, open areas, balwadis, etc. • Some problems that may exist in the area; such as open drain channels, taps without proper drainage channels, unpaved pathways, busy main roads, unhygienic community toilets etc. • The strengths, potential or opportunities that exist such as: possibilities for constructing household toilets, open area that can be converted into a park or school; etc. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  8. Community Resource Map What is a Community Resource Map? • A community resource map is a detailed picture of the community; that indicates the different facilities and services available within the community, their locations and spread. It also provides information on each household in the community. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  9. Community Resource Map How to prepare a Community Resource Map? • Find an open space in the community, where about 50 persons can be comfortably accommodated. • Collect a group of people from the community, inform them about the purpose of your exercise • Draw the map on the ground. This will enable a larger group of community to participate in the exercise • The map can later be transferred on to a chart paper preferably by the people themselves • The information must be presented back to the community so that they may make corrections and suggest solutions/alternatives. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  10. Chapati Diagram Chapati Diagram What is Chapati Diagram • A Chapati Diagram is an exercise which can be used for finding out problems of Peoples in the communities, the priorities they assign to these; to understand who are the key decision makers in the community and how are the different problems / people linked together. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  11. Chapati Diagram How to we make a Chapati Diagram for Problems? • After gathering the community together, people may be requested to represent these problems on the ground using object as symbols • Provide people with chapatis / circles of different sizes which they may place under these symbols to represent the gravity / magnitude of the problem. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  12. Chapati Diagram Follow this up with an analysis / discussion of each problem to understand • how it affects the people, • the degree of its severity , • what priority do they assign to solving it • what are its implications • what are the remedies or solutions they have tried out • what has been their contribution to finding the solution for the whole • community • what intervention is needed . Training Toolkit for Engineers

  13. Matrix Ranking What is a Matrix Ranking? • A matrix ranking exercise helps to identify choices people make and why. It can be used for finding out the possible options available to people, their priorities and preferences. How to do a Matrix Ranking? • Once the community has listed their problems they may be asked to indicate the alternative solutions to these that are currently being practiced by people. • Draw a matrix on the ground or on a chart. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  14. Forming Action Plans • If facilitated carefully, people really enjoy developing their own action plan and 'own' the plan. Such plans generally indicate communities' preferred style of implementing them and lends into participatory implementation process in the project cycle. • The solutions/development intervention /strategy proposed should be relevant to the level of technology that exists in the community. The financial implications will be determined by the type of technology used: • No technology -No cost • Indigenous technology -Low cost • Introducing technology- Medium cost Hi technology-High cost Training Toolkit for Engineers

  15. Forming Action Plans • After facilitating the DEVELOPMENT and EMPOWERMENT of the community, the IMPLEMENTATION and MONITORING, the professionals must also PHASE OUT. • Phasing Out has to be planned from Day 1 of the programme. It is only then that Sustainable Transformation can take place. People must know that the professionals' presence is only for a brief while; that they must manage on their own. Training Toolkit for Engineers

  16. Overcoming the Engineer’s bias • Engineers are commonly either reluctant or are uncomfortable with the idea of interacting with communities. They feel that being `technical' sets them apart from others. These `typical' attitudes have to change and the awe of the `common man' for the `engineer saab' has to be replaced by a healthy respect for each others views and experience. Training Toolkit for Engineers

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