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Xen and the Art of Virtualization

Xen and the Art of Virtualization. Paul Barham, Boris Dragovic, Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Tim Harris, Alex Ho, Rolf Neugebauer, Ian Pratt, Andrew Warfield. Outline. Motivation Overview of Xen CPU virtualization MMU virtualization Experimental results Recent Developments. Motivation.

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Xen and the Art of Virtualization

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  1. Xen and the Art of Virtualization Paul Barham, Boris Dragovic, Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Tim Harris, Alex Ho, Rolf Neugebauer, Ian Pratt, Andrew Warfield

  2. Outline • Motivation • Overview of Xen • CPU virtualization • MMU virtualization • Experimental results • Recent Developments

  3. Motivation • Stronger isolation between applications • Using separate machines is too expensive • Separate processes is not sufficient • Excess computing power • Different OSs on the same machine

  4. Types of Virtualization • Hardware-level virtualization • Vmware, Xen • Operating system-level virtualization • Jails • High-level language virtual machines • Java VM

  5. Overview of Xen • Requires the guest OS to be ported • Applications run without modifications • Does not use a host OS

  6. Ideal VM CPU • Sensitive instructions cause exceptions • Instructions that change the machine state • Instructions that read or write sensitive registers/memory App App App App Logical Addresses App App Guest OS Guest OS Physical Addresses OS Hypervisor Hardware Addresses Hardware Hardware

  7. x86 CPU • Privileged instructions can only be successfully executed from below the red line • Some sensitive instructions are not privileged

  8. VMware CPU virtualization • Checks for sensitive instructions before execution Program execution VMware checkpoint Sensitive instruction

  9. Xen CPU virtualization • When the guest OS executes privileged instructions, the x86 raises exceptions • Xen catches these exceptions • Guest OSs directly call Xen code instead of using sensitive, unprivileged instructions

  10. Ideal VM MMU • Page translation occurs in software • OSs provide a TLB miss handler • Hypervisor executes guest mapping routine 0x0000 0x0000 TLB Hypervisor Handler Guest OS Handler 0x1800 0x0800 Logical Physical Hardware

  11. x86 MMU • TLB misses are handled directly by the MMU • OSs must create a page table that maps logical to physical addresses • The table must be laid out as specified by the MMU • The OS sets a register to point to the table

  12. VMware MMU virtualization • Maintains shadow page tables Register 0x0000 0x0800 0x0100 0x0900 0x0000 0x1800 0x0100 0x1900 Logical Physical Hardware

  13. Xen MMU virtualization • Xen exposes the hardware addresses to the guest OS • The guest OS constructs a page table that maps from logical to hardware addresses • Updates to the page table must pass through Xen

  14. Experiments • Minimal performance degradation over plain Linux

  15. Performance Isolation • Prevented misbehaving guests from interfering with other guests Resource Hog Resource Hog Benchmark Benchmark Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Hypervisor Hardware

  16. Recent Developments • Many Linux distros have Xen support • Unmodified Windows XP ran on Xen with Intel VT-enabled processors • Blazingfast provides virtual servers using Xen

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