European Exploration

1. European Exploration

2. Reasons for Exploration Europeans come to the New World

3. To better understand the reasons for European exploration, think back to sixth grade social studies when you learned about Cultural Identity and Nationalism

4. Cultural Identity cultural connection people have with one another Nationalism pride and devotion to your country

5. Remember that extreme nationalism can lead to Conflict And all of this can effect the Balance of Power

6. Nationalism A spirit of was brewing throughout Europe in the 1400’s, 1500’s, 1600’s,…. and continues today.

7. One way they could show their strength was to Explore and claim new land

8. Spain France England The “Big Three” countries in Europe who were competing for land were

9. All three countries explored for the same reasons--- “The Three G’s” Gold Glory God

10. At this time, explorers were searching for Gold

11. And once they began to explore the New World, they thought they would find lots of gold.

12. Nationalism and desire for gold caused the people to want Glory for their homeland.

13. The third reason they explored was to spread their religion. God

14. Gold Glory God So remember...“The Three G’s” Gold 3 G's Glory God

15. Explorers

16. SHOW ME THE MONEY...or the gold! • From 1492-1519, Spain focuses on establishing colonies in the Indies. • Spaniards on expeditions heard there were great civilizations in the interior, which included great wealth. • Explorers looking for wealth were known as conquistadors.

17. COLUMBUS

18. Europe Eyes the Americas • Christopher Columbus lived during a time when Spain was at war and many people were in poverty. • Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand paid for Columbus to go on an expedition to find a new passage to China. • Expedition:a journey undertaken by a group of people • with a definite purpose

19. Christopher Columbus King Ferdinand of Spain and Queen Isabella

20. “In 1492 COLUMBUS Sailed the Ocean Blue” • Columbus quickly learned the earth was round. He thought he could sail to Asia westward faster and easier than traveling eastward. • He could then establish profitable routes to Asia. (He could trade along the way.) • Queen Isabella thought this would be a great idea because it would establish trade with Asia ($) and would help spread the Catholic faith.

21. Columbus sighted land and thought it was the Indies. • He got off the boat and named (and called) the friendly people indios. • He wasn’t in the Indies…He was in the Bahamas! • He continued to sail on to find the riches he had promised the Spanish monarch. (He was also going to get to keep a portion of these riches for himself.)

22. On his voyages, Columbus established the first permanent colony on Hispaniola (named Santo Domingo). • Columbus did not find gold or the new passage to China, but his voyages did inspire others to seek their fortunes in America.

23. Columbus…not such a nice guy • Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand got word that Columbus and others had enslaved, tortured, and killed thousands of native Taino people in the Caribbean. • This angered the monarchs and made them withdraw their support for further explorations by Columbus.

24. THE BIG QUESTION • Did Columbus really discover America? • According to the Europeans, the answer is YES. BUT Weren’t the Indians already occupying parts of America, including our focus….TEXAS?

25. COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES

26. Columbus Finds Land

27. Cortes

28. Hernan Cortes • Cortes was a Spanish conquistador. • Conquistadores were soldiers and adventurers searching The 3 G’s • Cortes left Cuba in 1519, with the goal of conquering the Aztec Empire.

29. The Aztecs • The Aztecs were the most powerful Indian culture in all of Central America. • They were fierce warriors who worshipped the sun and performed human sacrifices.

30. Montezuma II • Montezuma was the leader of the Aztecs. • He ruled an empire that covered over 200,000 square miles.

31. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • Cortes sailed from Spanish Cuba to the eastern coast of what is now Mexico. • Cortes and his 200 men, defeated an Aztec army of over 100,000. • They captured the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, and built present day Mexico City on top of it. • This increased the wealth and power of Spain, greatly expanded its American empire and led to the founding of New Spain.

32. IMPORTANT 1519 EVENT AND THE CONSEQUENCES • Hernan Cortes, a Spanish explorer, conquered the Aztec empire • Wealth and power of Spain increased • Expanded the size of the Spanish empire • Led to the founding of New Spain • Mexico became a base of Spanish exploration

33. 1519 Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico. Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects • increased Spain’s power • established Mexico as a base from which Spain could launch explorations • expanded Spain’s American empire, which covered muchof North and South Americaby 1600 • conquered the Aztec Empire • killed or enslaved many Aztec • gained Spain the Aztec’s wealth and land • built Mexico City on top of the ruins of Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New Spain • increased the empire and wealth of Spain

34. The Spanish Come to Texas • Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission.

35. PINEDA

36. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda and Hernan Cortes • Pineda’s mission was to map the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico and establish a Spanish colony. He wasfirst to discover the Texas coastline. • Cortez, who was sent to find a city of gold, cut Pineda’s journey short. He saw Pineda as a threat to his journey, so he arrested some of Pineda’s men! 1519

37. IMPORTANCE OF PINEDA’S VOYAGE TO TEXAS • First known European to see and map the Texas coast • Established a settlement near present day Mexican city Tampico • Never landed in Texas • Led to further Spanish exploration of Texas

38. 1519 Spanish explorer Hernan Cortés 1519 Spanish explorer Alonso Álvarez de Pineda 1519 Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan 1519 begins his conquestof the AztecEmpire. explores the Gulf ofMexico and mapspart of it. begins the firstround-the-world Voyage.

39. NARVAEZ

40. EXPERIENCES OF Narvaez • Set out in 1527 for Spain • Explored Tampa, Florida • Left his crew when they did not return

41. The Narvaez Expedition • In 1526 Panfilo de Narvaez was granted the land of Florida by the king of Spain. • His expedition traveled up the western coast of Florida. He then built rafts to sail to Mexico. • A hurricane in 1528 drowned many of the men at sea, including Narvaez.

42. Section Two The Narvaez Expedition • Out of the 400 men and 82 horses that Narvaez started with on his expedition, only 80 or so survived the hurricane. • They arrived at Galveston Bay. • They were the first known Europeans to set foot in the present-day Texas.

43. THE ENDING OF THE NARVAEZ EXPEDITION • Shipwrecked along the Texas Coast • Suffered from hunger and American Indian attacks • Became stranded and ate horses to survive • Captured and enslaved by the Karankawa Indians or died

44. CABEZA DE VACA

45. What Happens • 400 men started out from Florida to Mexico • They thought this would be a short trip. • They had only enough food for everyone to have ½ handful of maize • There was a hurricane! • They never made it to Mexico, instead they (80) ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay).

46. They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food, shelter, or clothing. • They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave them fish, roots, and walnuts. • When they received no more food from the Indians, they ate their shipmates that had died. The Europeans gave the Indians disease, killing 1/2 of them!

47. THE LONE SURVIVORS • Only 4 survived (out of 400)! • Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico • First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas

48. EXPERIENCES OF CABEZA DE VACA • Survivor of the failed Nararez expedition • Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Texas • Taken in by the Kawakawas Indians • Escaped and traveled among Indian villages • Worked as a healer, trader, and servant • gained Indians’ respect • First European to Explore the Texas interior

49. Cabeza de Vaca • He also wrote about his life with the Native Americans in a work of literature called La relacion. • This was the first written work of Texas literature.

50. Cabeza de Vaca • The survivors from the 1528 hurricane beached at Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas. • Six years later only four men were alive, two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico.. • He and his men became the first Europeans to see the interior of Texas.