1 / 35

Corrections in America An Introduction Eleventh Edition

Corrections in America An Introduction Eleventh Edition. Allen, Latessa, Ponder and Simonsen. Chapter 6: Jails and Detention Facilities. Overview. Processes, facilities, and programs that deal with the Front End of correctional systems

kalli
Télécharger la présentation

Corrections in America An Introduction Eleventh Edition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Corrections in AmericaAn IntroductionEleventh Edition Allen, Latessa, Ponder and Simonsen Chapter 6: Jails and Detention Facilities

  2. Overview • Processes, facilities, and programs that deal with the Front End of correctional systems • Most offenders begin their journey in a jail or detention facility • Last stop for some . . . • Beginning for others

  3. Jails: A Grim History • Early jails (local gaol, lockup, workhouse, stockade, hulk, or detention center) changed very little until the mid-1900s

  4. Processing Path • Booking • Classification and Cell Assignment • Security level • Offense classification • Personal characteristics • Shower and cleansing • Jail clothing • Movements to/from • Visiting Schedules • Release

  5. Modern Computer Systems andWell-Planned Bookings Make for Efficiency

  6. Jails Today • 25% hold less than 249 inmates • The 25 largest jails hold more than 1 in 3 inmates

  7. Number of Jails by their Rated Capacity Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics (2001), Censes of Jails, 1999 (www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cj99.pdf), p.3.

  8. Detention • The legally authorized confinement of a person subject to criminal or juvenile court proceedings until commitment to a correctional facility or release.

  9. Jail Populationsand Characteristics • Felons and misdemeanant • First time and repeat offenders • Adults (male and female) and juveniles • Accused and convicted • Guilty and innocent

  10. Characteristics: cont. • Those awaiting arraignment or trial • Conviction and sentencing • Probation & Parole violators • Bail bond violators and absconders

  11. Characteristics: cont. • Juveniles pending transfer • Those with mental illness awaiting transfer • Chronic alcoholics • Drug abusers

  12. Characteristics: cont. • Those held for the military • Protective custody • Material Witnesses • Those in contempt of court • Persons awaiting transfer to state, federal or other local authorities • Temporarily detained persons

  13. Characteristics: cont. • More than half of the persons in jail are awaiting trial • 10% have been found guilty, but not yet sentenced • Average daily population is over 690,000 . . . an increase of 36% since 1995

  14. Number of Jail Inmates1990-2010* (*2005 and 2010 estimated) In thousands

  15. Ethnicity of Jail Inmates2003 Total: 691,301

  16. Protecting nondangerous persons and the innocent • Keep them out of jail • Release them as soon as possible • Pretrial diversion • Electronic monitoring • Weekend confinement • Community work orders • Increased use of bail/ROR • More extensive use of fines • Work and study release

  17. Persons Supervised Outside Jail Facilities, Midyear 2003 Total Outside: 71,371

  18. The New Generation Jail • Developed in 1970s • Radical departure in architecture, interior design, and design philosophy • Designed for maximum interaction with staff and inmates • Continuous and direct supervision

  19. Jail Architecture • Linear/Intermittent Surveillance • Podular Remote Surveillance • Podular Direct Supervision

  20. Jails • Improvements in physical facilities have been offset by overcrowding • More than 1 in 4 of the largest jails are under court order to limit populations • Or improve specific conditions (food services, medical services, fire hazards, etc.)

  21. Jails: cont. • Who are the “rabble” that enter the jail? • Are they dangerous predators? • Marginal people who pose some threat to the community?

  22. Rabble: cont. • Alcohol and Drug Use • Most have used/abused these in their lives • More than 40% had been drinking just before their offense

  23. Convicted Jail Inmates • More than half were under the influence of drugs or alcohol (or both) at the time of their current offense • One-quarter had participated in a drug treatment program • One-sixth had participated in an alcohol treatment program

  24. Jails • Number of jails is declining, though number of beds has risen over 131% (1972-2003) • Newer, larger jails are replacing smaller, decrepit jails

  25. Ways of Reducing Overcrowding • Conversion of old motels • Using manufactured housing units • Tent cities • Leasing from other jurisdictions

  26. Overcrowding: cont. • House arrest • Electronic monitoring • Double bunking • Contract out . . . treatment programs

  27. Correctional Personnel Issues • Lack of adequate numbers • Primary emphasis on custodial convenience rather than correctional services • Fanatical concern with security

  28. Jail Problems • Internal operations by inmates has led to reprehensible conditions in many of the large municipal jails • The need for pre-service and in-service training has been identified by inspectors

  29. Jail Problems: cont. • The need to break the habitual work patterns: • Uninterested, politically appointed, and unqualified jail personnel • Low pay . . . high turnover

  30. Jail Standards • Standards and accreditation have been developed by: • American Jails Association • American Correctional Association • Technical Assistance by National Institute of Corrections • Although standard criteria are hard to implement

  31. Health Care in Jails • Subject of endless litigation • Health care is no longer an option, but compulsory

  32. Health Care in Jails • Determine real costs • Security issues • Medical staff scheduling • Special housing • Seeking accreditation • Planning for future problems

  33. Alternatives to Jail • Fines . . . Price-tag justice • Weekend confinement • Community work orders • Probation without adjudication • Suspended sentence

  34. Some Conclusions Can Be Drawn From Existing Programs • Pretrial alternatives are less costly than jail incarceration • Those released before trial do better in court • Pretrial release is effective in preventing recidivism • Alternative programs can reduce jail populations

  35. Summary • Jails are part of a disconnected system • “Clients” are part of a “losers ” group • Addressing the underlining problems of inmates is the best way to solve the problem

More Related