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Ch. 20 Carbon & Hydrocarbons

Ch. 20 Carbon & Hydrocarbons. Carbon is mainly found combined with other elements What are some examples of carbon with other elements? Petroleum, natural gas, sugars, wood, ANY THING LIVING HAS CARBON What are some examples of carbon by itself? Coal, diamond, graphite.

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Ch. 20 Carbon & Hydrocarbons

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  1. Ch. 20 Carbon & Hydrocarbons • Carbon is mainly found combined with other elements • What are some examples of carbon with other elements? • Petroleum, natural gas, sugars, wood, • ANY THING LIVING HAS CARBON • What are some examples of carbon by itself? • Coal, diamond, graphite

  2. Why does carbon combine so well with elements? • +4, -4 charge • Carbon atoms form rings & chains • Carbon can form a loose bond arrangement or a tight symmetric bond. • Diamond  tight • Graphite  loose

  3. Graphite • Very loose arrangement • Good lubricant • Graphite pencils • Graphite composites  metals & graphite combined together • Golf club, racquet, bats

  4. Diamonds • Tight arrangement • Mined in Africa (mainly) • Densest form of carbon • Hardest mineral • Used in drilling, grinding, & cutting

  5. Amorphous Carbons – decomposed carbons by heat • 1. Coal – from decomposed organic compounds • 2. Peat – partially carbonized plant material. Used as fertilizer • 3. Coke – residue left from heating bituminous coal. • 4. Charcoal – residue from heating wood.

  6. Organic Chemistry • Any compound with carbon in it. • Carbon can form a single, double, or triple bond. • Hydrocarbons are compounds with carbon & hydrogen. • Substitute hydrocarbons are compounds with H, C, & a third element.

  7. Types of Hydrocarbons • 1. Alkanes Single Bonds • CH4 • 2. Alkenes Double Bonds • C2H4 • 3. AlkynesTriple Bonds • C2H2

  8. Table 20 – 2 (pg. 635) • Methane (CH4) • Ethane (C2H6) • Propane (C3H8) • Butane (C4H10) • Pentane (C5H12) • Hexane (C6H14) • Heptane (C7H16) • Octane (C8H18) • Nonane (C9H20) • Decane (C10H22)

  9. Ethene (C2H4) • Propene (C3H6) • Butene (C4H8) • Pentene (C5H10) • Hexene (C6H12) • Heptene (C7H14) • Octene (C8H16) • Nonene (C9H18) • Decene (C10H20)

  10. Ethyne (C2H2) • Propyne (C3H4) • Butyne (C4H6) • Pentyne (C5H8) • Hexyne (C6H10) • Heptyne (C7H12) • Octyne (C8H14) • Nonyne (C9H16) • Decyne (C10H18)

  11. Saturated Hydrocarbons have only singe bonds • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons have at least 1 or more double or triple bonds. • NAME HYDROCARBONS • PRACTICE EXAMPLES

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