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The Age of Exploration: European Expansion and Colonial Influence (15th-17th Century)

Chapter 13 delves into the European expansion overseas during the Age of Exploration, focusing on Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands. Motivated by “God, Gold, and Glory,” explorers aimed to spread Christianity while seeking adventure and wealth. Key figures such as Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama from Portugal, along with Christopher Columbus in Spain and Ferdinand Magellan, led expeditions that reshaped world trade and colonization. The impacts of exploration included the Columbian Exchange, establishment of plantations, the slave trade, and the cultural devastation of indigenous populations.

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The Age of Exploration: European Expansion and Colonial Influence (15th-17th Century)

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  1. Exploration Chapter 13

  2. Europe Expands Overseas • Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands • “God, Gold, Glory” • Spread Christianity (Catholicism) • Fame and Adventure • Wealth, trade, gold

  3. Explorers • Bartholomeu Dias (Portugal) • Rounded Cape of Good Hope -1488 • Vasco da Gama (Portugal) • Made huge profit in India • John Cabot (England) • New England • Christopher Columbus (Spain) • “Discovered” Americas - 1492 • Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) • Crew was first to circumnavigate world - 1522 • Amerigo Vespucci (Italy) • Provided name for Americas

  4. Spanish Empire • Conquistadors • Hernan Cortes • Conquers Aztecs • Francisco Pizarro • Conquers Incas • Massive death for natives • Mostly from disease (smallpox) • Wanted to convert natives to Catholicism • Missions and missionaries • Established plantations • Grow cash crops (sugar, cotton) • Columbian Exchange • Plants and animals from Old World to New World

  5. Other European Colonies • Dutch • New Netherlands (New York) • French • Canada and Louisiana • English • Virginia and Massachusetts, Eastern Seaboard

  6. Slave Trade • Colonies in New World • Mercantilism • Balance of Trade • Plantations • Need slaves • Triangular Trade (1500’s-1600’s) • Middle Passage (Slaves) • Slaves bought with gold and goods • Villages raided, devastate cultures

  7. Colonial Latin America • Spain • Central, South and North America • Portugal • Brazil • Social Classes • Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes • Economy • Gold and Silver • Farming (Plantations) • Trade • Christianity • Catholic Missionaries • Dominicans, Franciscans, Jesuits • Establish missions in villages

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