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The Rise of Machines

Ch. 7 . The Industrial Revolution. The Rise of Machines. How It All Fits In …. Age of Exploration: 1480-1790s. Age of Reason & Revolution: 1513-1890. The Industrial Revolution 1700s-1920s. Imperialism: 1800s-1945. Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age.

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The Rise of Machines

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  1. Ch. 7 The Industrial Revolution The Rise of Machines

  2. How It All Fits In… Age of Exploration: 1480-1790s Age of Reason & Revolution: 1513-1890 The Industrial Revolution 1700s-1920s Imperialism: 1800s-1945

  3. Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age -Since the beginning of civilization, most people have lived in small villages and used simple handmade tools. • -Beginning in the 1750s, important changes took place in the way people lived and worked • -This turning point is known as the Industrial Revolution

  4. Causes of Industrialization New Technologies Agriculture Revolution Growing Labor Force • Farming methods improved • Enclosed land raised farm output • Food Surplus leads to a rise in: • Jobless farmers migrate to the: • New sources of energy such as steam & coal • The quality of iron improves (smelt). cities population

  5. Agricultural Revolution: Inventions Dutch British Built dams to protect drained farmland. Used animal fertilizer to improve farmland. Seed Drill: Planted seeds in rows. Breed stronger horses and fatter sheep and cows.

  6. What is this?

  7. THE COMMERICAL REVOLUTION: THE FIRST GLOBAL ECONOMY Europeans began to invest money in sugar & tobacco. Colonies began to exist ONLY to enrich their home country. We call this: Mercantilism Capitalism Increase in global trade lead to the rise in: This meant that business people used their profits to employ workers to manufacture goods to be sold. Until the 18th Century, many Europeans were farmers. They produced what they needed to survive. After the 1700s, machines began making goods. This is called the Industrial Revolution. The changed occurred first in the textile industry in England

  8. Causes of the Industrial Revolution Population Explosion Agricultural Revolution Energy Revolution Industrial Revolution

  9. England Leads the way

  10. Why England? Winner!! Geographic: Coal & Iron Great Britain had the right mixture of raw materials: Wool & Cotton Laborers, and people with money to invest. Adam Smith Capital

  11. British Exports:

  12. British Canal Systems

  13. British Infrastructure:

  14. Causes & Effects

  15. Timeline of Inventions

  16. Photography The first permanent photograph was an image produced in 1826, by the French inventor Joseph NicéphoreNiépce.

  17. The Seed Drill:

  18. Other Inventions: The Spinning Jenny, James Hargreaves, 1764 The Flying Shuttle, John Kay, 1733

  19. The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney, 1793

  20. Changes in Transportation Steamboat, Robert Fulton, 1807 Locomotive, George Stephenson, 1814

  21. Changes in Transportation Steam Engine, 1793 James Watt Automobile, Karl Benz, 1885 Henry Ford, Assembly Lines, 1908

  22. Improvements in Communication Samuel Morris, the Telagraph, 1830 Alexander Gram Bell, the telephone 1876

  23. Morris Code

  24. Improvements in Communication · · · — — — · · · Marconi, the wireless telegraph, 1895

  25. MORE POWER The Dynamo, Michael Faraday, 1831

  26. Thomas Edison, the light bulb, 1879. From, New Jersey! Phonograph records, and recorded sound.

  27. ADAM SMITH Believed in laissez-faire (hands off) economic policy. No government assistance. His book, The Wealth of Nations (1776) argued that freedom provided by the buying and selling of goods, individuals can enjoy lives of natural liberty. The wealth of a nation depends on its labor force.

  28. Karl Marx & the rise of Socialism: Lived much of his life in London In 1848, he wrote the Communist Manifesto Marx claimed that it was unfair for workers who produced goods to get less for their labor. Marx said that capitalists were enemies locked in an endless “class struggle” He encouraged workers in every nation to rise up and smash the capitalistic system.

  29. Two Views on Government John Locke Thomas Hobbes English-wrote about government and society. English-studied philosophy and science & was influence by the ideas of Descartes Was affected by the English Civil War & wrote the Leviathan (1651) Affected by the Glorious Revolution & wrote the Two Treatises of Government (1689) Argued that people were “nasty, brutish, and short,” they need to obey a strong government Argued that people have natural rights; life liberty and property He believed that it is the duty of government to protect people’s natural rights. Government had limits.

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