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Understanding Latin Prefixes: AB-, A-, ABS- and Their Meanings

This chapter explores the Latin prefixes AB-, A-, and ABS-, meaning "from," "away," or "off." It defines various terms including "abdictate," "abduct," and "abstain." Learn the nuances of each word and how they relate to everyday language, such as "abnormal," "abrupt," and "absorb." Additionally, discover the implications of words derived from these prefixes, enhancing your vocabulary and understanding of the language.

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Understanding Latin Prefixes: AB-, A-, ABS- and Their Meanings

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  1. Chapter 4 Latin Prefixes

  2. Part 1 • AB-, A-, ABS-: “from,” “away,” “off” • AB (“off”) + RUPT (“broken”) = ABRUPT (“broken off”, “sudden”) • A (“away”) + VERT (“turn”) = AVERT (“turn away”) • ABS (“from”) + TAIN (“hold”) = ABSTAIN (“hold from”; refrain”

  3. 1. Abdicate Formally remove oneself from; give up; relinquish; renounce; resign

  4. 2. Abduct Carry off or lead away by force; kidnap

  5. 3. Abhor Shrink from; detest; loathe; hate

  6. 4. Abnormal Deviating from the normal; unusual; irregular

  7. 5. Abrasion Scraping or wearing away of the skin by friction; irritation

  8. 6. Abrupt Broken off; sudden; unexpected

  9. 7. Abscond Steal off and hide; depart secretly; flee; escape

  10. 8. Absolve • Set free from some duty or responsibility; exempt; excuse • Ignorance of the law does not absolve a person from obeying it. • Declare free from guilt or blame; exculpate; exonerate • Of the three suspects, two were found guilty, and the third was absolved.

  11. 9. Absorbing • Fully taking away from one’ attention; extremely interesting; engrossing • That was an absorbing book. It held my interest from beginning to end.

  12. 10. Abstain • Withhold oneself deliberately from doing something; refrain; desist • My dentist said I would have fewer cavities if I abstained from sweets.

  13. 11. Averse • (literally, “turned from”) opposed; disinclined; unwilling • I am in favor of the dance, but I am averse to holding it on May 25.

  14. 12. Avert • Turn away; ward off; prevent; forestall • The mayor tried to avert a strike by municipal employees.

  15. 13. Avocation • Occupation away from one’s customary occupation; hobby • My aunt, a pediatrician, composes music as an avocation.

  16. Part 2 • AD-: “to,” “toward,” “near”

  17. 14. Adapt • (literally, “fit to”) adjust; suit; fit • People who work at night have to adapt themselves to sleeping in the daytime. • Make suitable for a different use; modify • Lorraine Hansberry’s hit Broadway play, A Raisin in the Sun, was later adapted for the screen.

  18. 15. Addicted • Given over (to a habit); habituated; devoted • You will not become addicted to smoking if you refuse cigarettes when they are offered.

  19. 16. Adequate • Equal to, or sufficient for, a specific need; enough; sufficient • The student who arrived ten minutes late did not have adequate time to finish the test.

  20. 17. Adherent • One who sticks to a leader, party, etc.; follower; faithful supporter • You can count on Martha’s support in your campaign for reelection. She is one of your most loyal adherents.

  21. 18. Adjacent • Lying near; nearby; neighboring; bordering • The island of Cuba is adjacent to Florida.

  22. 19. Adjoin • Be next to; be in contact with; border; abut • Mexico adjoins the United States.

  23. 20. Adjourn • Put off to another day; suspend a meeting to resume a future time; defer; recess • The judge adjourned the court to the following Monday.

  24. 21. Advent • A “coming to”; arrival; approach • The weather bureau gave adequate warning of the advent of the hurricane.

  25. 22. Adversary • Person “turned toward” or facing another as an opponent; foe; antagonist • Before the contest began, the champion and her adversary shook hands.

  26. 23. Adverse • In opposition to one’s interests; hostile; unfavorable • Because of adverse reviews, the producer announced that the play will close with tonight’s performance.

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