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Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis

Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis. Environment is not as bad as we thought Reaction Norm vs. Polyphenism Environmental regulation of phenotypes Learning. Nature vs Nurture?. Plasticity. Phenotypic Developmental. Reaction Norm. Polyphenism.

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Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis

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  1. Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis • Environment is not as bad as we thought • Reaction Norm vs. Polyphenism • Environmental regulation of phenotypes • Learning

  2. Nature vs Nurture?

  3. Plasticity • Phenotypic • Developmental

  4. Reaction Norm

  5. Polyphenism

  6. Dung Beetles and Ants: Diet-induced polyphenisms • Queen Ant vs Worker Ant • Horned male Dung Beetles: Protector of the Female.

  7. Diet and Gene regulation • DNA methylation • viable-yellow of Agouti- transposon in cis-regulatory element.

  8. Predator-induced Polyphenisms • Kairomones

  9. Predator-induced Polyphenisms: Amphibians • More muscle mass in tail. • Kairomones can make the tadpole more sensitive to environmental insults: fertilizers et al. Figure 17.6

  10. Good Vibrations Fig. 17.7 Geronimo

  11. Temperature and Sex

  12. Temperature and Butterfly wings

  13. Environment, Anxiety, and DNA methylation

  14. Learning • No division • New Neurons • Changing connections

  15. Nervous system: Plasticity and Learning

  16. Experience and vision • Hubel and Wiesel (1960s) • Right eye occluded for 3 months • Occurs within 4 to 6 weeks of birth

  17. Life cycle and Polyphenisms • Diapause • Larval Settlement

  18. Spadefoot Toad

  19. Symbiosis • Parasitism • Mutualism • Commensalism

  20. Developmental Symbiosis: passing on the help • Vertical transmission • Horizontal transmission • Wolbachia infection

  21. Shedding light on symbiosis • Euprymna-Vibrio • Light organ development and luminescence

  22. Obligate mutualism Filariasis worm and Wolbachia Spotted Salamander and Oophiliaamblystomatis

  23. Symbiosis in mammalian intestine

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