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The Hudson River School: Capturing Nature and American Identity (1820s-1870s)

The Hudson River School artists, active from the 1820s to 1870s, exemplified American Romanticism by illustrating the raw beauty of nature and shaping national identity. They portrayed unspoiled landscapes, emphasizing nature as the embodiment of wisdom and fulfillment. Central themes included Transcendentalism, westward expansion, and the moral complexities of civilization's progress. Iconic masterpieces by Thomas Cole, Frederic Church, and Asher Durand reflect these ideals, portraying grand vistas where humanity is often dwarfed by the majesty of nature.

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The Hudson River School: Capturing Nature and American Identity (1820s-1870s)

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  1. Creating an American Culture Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  2. The Hudson River School: 1820s-1870s

  3. The Hudson River School • These artists captured the undiluted power of nature • Paint the nation’s most spectacular and undeveloped areas [the new Garden of Eden]. • Nature was the best source of wisdom & fulfillment. • They created visual embodiments of the ideals of the Transcendentalists.* painting is the vehicle through which the universal mind could reach the mind of mankind.* art is the agent of moral & spiritual transformation.

  4. Characteristics of the Hudson River School “A new art for a new land.” Paint grand, scenic vistas. Humans are an insignificant [even non-existent] part of the picture. Experiment with affects of light on water and sky. Symbol of the school --> a broken tree stump

  5. Issues/Themes Addressed by the Antebellum Artists • Transcendentalist thinking. • Westward expansion. • American nationalism --> What is America?* creation of a national mythology • Racism and Native Americans. • Concern for political extremism. • The price paid for progress and the advances of civilization.

  6. In Nature’s WonderlandThomas Doughty, 1835

  7. Niagara – Frederic Church, 1857

  8. View of the Catskills, Early AutumnThomas Cole, 1837

  9. View from Mt. Holyoke: The OxbowThomas Cole, 1836

  10. The Course of Empire: The Savage StateThomas Cole, 1834

  11. The Course of Empire: The Arcadian or The Pastoral State - Thomas Cole, 1836

  12. The Course of Empire: ConsummationThomas Cole, 1836

  13. The Course of Empire: DestructionThomas Cole, 1836

  14. The Course of Empire: DesolationThomas Cole, 1836

  15. Kindred Spirits – Asher Durand, 1849

  16. Watercolors by John Audubon Stanley Hawk Barred Owl

  17. The Luminists

  18. Boston Harbor from Constitution WharfRobert Salmon, 1833

  19. The Constitution in Boston HarborFitz Hugh Lane, 1848-49

  20. Fur Trappers Descending the MissouriGeorge Caleb Bingham, 1845

  21. The Classical Styles of Greece & Rome

  22. Neo-Classical Architecture: U. S. Customs House, 1836

  23. Jefferson Rotunda (Univ. of VA), 1819-26

  24. The Capitol Rotunda

  25. Patriotic Art

  26. The Landing of the PilgrimsUnknown Artist, 1830s

  27. Washington Crossing the DelawareEmmanuel Gottlieb Leutze,1851

  28. George Washington Horatio Greenough, 1841

  29. Our Banner in the Sky - Frederic Church, 1861

  30. The "Frontier" Artists

  31. Young Omahaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri, and Pawnees - Charles Bird King, 1821 1. The “Noble Savage” Image

  32. Buffalo Bull’s Back Fat, Head Chief, Blood Tribe - George Caitlin, 1832 2. The “Stoic” Indian

  33. Mato-Tope – Karl Bodmer, 1830s 3. The “Demonic” Indian

  34. Osage Scalp Dance – John Mix Stanley, 1845

  35. Last of the Race – Tompkins Matteson, 1847 4. The “Doomed” Indian

  36. Dying Indian Chief Contemplating the Progress of Civilization – Thomas Crawford, 1857

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