Welcomes You all to the….

1. Welcomes You all to the…. Software Defined Radio Prospects and Strategies for Development By Rajan T Joseph ED,C-DAC,Trivandrum 25th April 2005 Elitex – 2005 New Delhi

2. Agenda • Introduction • SDR Technology • Frame work of R&D • Discussions

3. C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing • A merged entity of the 4 Societies under DIT indicated below • Spread out at 10 locations with 14 Labs and about 2000 work • force • Expertise and Infrastructure to take up multidiscipline, • complex projects and system C-DAC – Pune, Bangalore, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) ER&DCI – Thiruvananthapuram, Noida, Kolkata (Electronics Research & Development Centre, India) NCST – Mumbai, Bangalore, Navi Mumbai (National Centre for Software Technology) CEDTI - Mohali (Centre for Electronics Design and Technology, India)

4. C-DAC, Trivandrum • Established by Govt. of Kerala in 1974 as an autonomous Scientific Society to promote R&D in Electronics • Taken over by Govt. of India in 1988 and made an autonomous Scientific Society under Dept. of Electronics • Merged with ER&DC India, a national level Scientific Society in December 1994 • Merged with CDAC in 2002 • Staff Strength over 500

5. Areas of research • Control & Instrumentation • Power Electronics • Underwater Electronics • ASIC Design • Networking • E-Governance • Broadcast & Communications

6. Broadcast and Communications Executing projects in advanced area of Broadcast and Communications with expertisein • Protocol Stack • Analog and Mixed Signal Design • Communication algorithms • RF Trans-Receivers • Embedded systems • Real-time systems • Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base

7. Major Projects • TETRA Hand Held • TETRA Base Station • TETRA Protocol Stacks • CDART 1-Advanced Hand Portable • IP Telephone • Watermarking Digital Audio • Lawful Interception of VoIP Traffic

8. IP Telephone

11. C-DAC SDR Related Projects/ Achievements • A DIT study project on SDR completed in 2004 • -Opportunity to study the complex SDR technology in brief,understand the need for SDR and,generate a Vision in the forward path for SDR Projects • -Study report available in DIT web site • Development of the TETRA Base Station based on semi-SDR architecture • Meetings with different R&D Organizations on SDR activities • SDR-FORUM membership

14. SDR FORUM • SDR Forum is an open - non profit corporation dedicated to supporting the development, deployment and use of open architecture for advanced wireless system. • Initially known as MMITS • More than 60 member companies • C-DAC is a member of SDR Forum

15. SDR Defined The term SDR is used to describe radios that provide software control of a variety of modulation techniques, wideband or narrowband operation, communication security functions and waveform requirements of current and evolving standards over a broad frequency range. Not a single technological breakthrough – rather a collection of implementation technologies that enable configurability.

16. Scope The Mobile communication is strangled by a multitude of standards with wide diversity in: • Bandwidth • Modulation methods • Error protections • Protocols • TDMA/FDMA schemes…… Every new standard boasts unification, but this never happens. The Civil, Government and Military scenarios have different needs. System architects and users are equally baffled by this process. Large revenue is wasted to maintain rusty junks of hardware. World over, the search for intelligent radios is on. Multiband, Multimode capability will pave way to future-proof radios. The Software Defined Radio is destined to take over.

17. RX SYNTH I ADC F F F Q ADC TO DSP Duplexer I DAC F Q DAC TX SYNTH Conventional Radio Analog

18. Information input Quadrature upconverter Wideband DAC I Q RF Power amplifier Wideband DAC Programmable DSP Antenna switching system Wideband ADC Quadrature downconverter I Q RF low-noise amplifier Wideband ADC Information output AGC Direct Conversion Architecture Multiband antenna

19. Multiband antenna Information input Wideband DAC RF Power amplifier Digital I-F upconverter RF upconverter I Q I-F Programmable DSP Antenna switching system Wideband ADC RF low-noise amplifier Digital I-F downconverter RF downconverter I Q I-F AGC Information output IF Based Architecture

20. Benefits • A single Hardware for Multimode, multiband and multifunctional Wireless Systems • Software Upgrade for add on functionalities • Customization of a single generic hardware for diverse needs • Higher levels of software reusability • Lower costs to meet new user demands • Lower time to market new terminals

21. FEATURES OF SDR SDR provides solutions for the legacy system as well as emerging wireless technologies spanning over 2G, 3G and beyond. Radios built using SDR concepts offer: •   Standard architecture for a wide range of communications products • Non-restrictive wireless roaming for consumers by extending the capabilities of current and emerging commercial air-interface standards • Uniform communication across commercial, civil, federal and military organizations • Potential for significant life-cycle cost reductions • Over the air downloads of new features and services as well as software patches • Advanced networking capabilities to allow truly "portable" networks

22. SDR APPLICATION in WIRELESS SYSTEMS Network flexibility and spectrum utilization enhanced using SDR Software downloads for SDR product and service upgrades, enhancements 4G SDR exploited to enable fewer, more flexible product platforms Capabilities and Services 3G Software Defined Radio 2G 1G 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

23. ADVANTAGES OF SDR SDR provides the following advantages to the stakeholders: • For subscribers – easier international roaming, improved and more flexible services increased personalization and choice. • For network operators – the potential to rapidly develop and introduce new, personalized and customized services, tools for increased customer retention, new added-value services and revenue streams, reduced costs of network evolution and enhancement, increased flexibility of spectrum management and usage. • For handset and base station manufacturers – the promise of new economies of scale, increased production flexibility and improved, and more rapid, product evolution. • For regulators – the prospect of increased spectrum efficiency, better use of a scarce resource.

24. SDR EVOLUTION In the final decade of twentieth century, SDR made an incredibly rapid transition, within perhaps just 5 years, from an obscure military and academic concept to a commercial credibility in the mobile communication market. •   1970 - MULTIMODE VHF RADIO • 1980 - TACTICAL ANTI JAM RADIOS WITH E WAVEFORM MODULES • 1990 - MULTIBAND, MULTIMODE - SPEAKeasy • 2000 - RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO PLATFORMS • 2005 - MULTI-MODE BASE STATIONS • 2010 - SDR BASED USER TERMINALS

25. Network European Vision of Re-congurable Radio Systems & Networks Base Station Terminal Initial Concept Of Software Radio Broadband Multimedia Voice, Low- Data Rate Military Commercial

26. Enabling Technologies • ADC – the single most demanding performance • DAC similar to ADC requirements • DDC / DUC – (Digital down/up converters) programmable embedded DSP functionalities with NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability • FPGAs/ASICs : Embedded DSP functionalities • DSP : meet computational overheads of base band processing • Host Processor : Application Programs, Protocol stacks, system controls • Operating System • Broadband RF Front End Direct Conversion / IF digitization, high dynamic range Receiver, Linearized Upconverters and Transmitters

27. SDR – the status quo • SDR technology has some drawbacks like higher power consumption, higher processing power (MIPS) requirement, increased complexity of software and higher initial costs • The extent of SDR progress will be decided largely byRF technology • Higher communication rates are accelerating higher processing requirements on DSP. • SDR “solutions” are currently available for cellular and PCS base stations as well as fixed station military applications. • Technology not yet ripe for hand-sets. • SDR has already been adopted by many infrastructure manufacturers as their core platform

28. SDR Standards • Software Communications Architecture specifications (SCAS) from United States Joint Tactical Radio System • Distributed Object Computing Software Radio Architecture (DOCSRA)from SDR Forum’s Mobile Working Group

29. Areas of Skill required Radio systems Antennas RF Design Modulation Demodulation Error control coding A to D conversion(HF) D to A conversion(HF) DSP Algorithms FPGA /ASIC Design OS development Network Control and Management S/W Communication protocols Multiple Access Techniques Application software Secure Software Download

30. Major Activities & Challenges • Parallel development of H/W and S/W • Extensive simulations of RF and DSP • The Antenna/RF subsystem (AIU) • The digital IF modem: ASIC, FPGA, DSP • Application program development • OS development • Protocol stacks – various standards • Secure Software Download mechanisms

31. Reconfigurable Wireless Sub-Systems • Antenna • Radio Transceiver • Base band Processing • Applications and services, e.g., to ensure a committed QoS

32. Reconfigurable Systems Key Objectives and General Requirements • Adaptation of the radio interface to varying deployment environment and air interface standards • Provision of new applications and services • Software updates • Enabling full exploitation of flexible heterogeneous radio network services.

33. Requirements – three distinct groups • Radio Configuration Control • Creation and provision of services to reconfigurable terminals (over converging networks and various Air Interface) • User profile, terminal, access network and location management

34. SDR DEVELOPMENT TASKS DIVISION APPLICATIONS-20% SOFTWARE-55% HARDWARE-25%

35. Broadcast and Communications Executing projects in advanced area of Broadcast and Communications with expertisein • Protocol Stack • Analog and Mixed Signal Design • Communication algorithms • RF Trans-Receivers • Embedded systems • Real-time systems • Device Drivers, GUI & Data Base

36. Research Areas • Generic Reconfigurable Architecture with distributed Intelligence • Network Reconfiguration Management • Adaptive Protocols • Adaptive Base band • Object Oriented Hardware Reconfiguration • Radio Resource Management, RRM & JRRM • Mode Identification & Monitoring Methods • Reconfigurable RF subsystems • User Requirements - Statistical Study

37. Need for SDR technology development • High IPR content • Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons • The technology of tomorrow’s Wireless • Military and Commercial interest • Success of 3G and beyond depends • heavily on SDR

38. Participating Organisation •   DEAL - HARDWARE • LRDE - ENCRYPTION • CDoT - SOFTWARE/HARDWARE • CRL - ANTENNA • IISc - SPEECH CODES • CEWIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM • SAMEER - EMI/EMC/ANTENNA • IIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM • C-DAC - HARDWARE/SOFTWARE

39. CDAC in Retrospect • Embedded Hardware • Digital Signal Processing • Operating Systems • Protocol Stacks • TETRA Digital Mobile Radio • TETRA Base Station They stand us in good stead

40. SDR-Technology Development Path Special Customer Needs SDR User inputs Outputs to Industry Lab n SDR Technology SDR-TDP Lab3 SDR Products /Application SDR-TDP Lab 2 SDR-TDP Reference Platforms Development Platforms Lab 1 SDR-TDP 2005 2007 2010

41. National Mission Project on SDR Technology Development SDR Mission Project- Steering Group Project Co-Ordination Group - DIT MoD MCIT Service Providers MHRD DEAL DRDO C-DAC C-DoT GSM CDMA IITs IISc 5 Years – 120 Crores SDR Forum, Army, COAI BEL Sameer CEWT Technology Products IPRs Papers Knowledge Base Awareness User/Application/Industry Presentation/Training

42. The VISION Foster future-proof wireless technology and bring it to the forefront of competing standards, with scalability to cater to the diverse communication needs of the nation. The MISSION Through a convergence of research talents among various organizations, develop indigenous SDR technology with hardware, firmware and software solutions necessary to materialize the vision, generateintellectual property rights and pave the way for a renewed wireless industry activity capable of global presence, through transfer of manufacturing technology of scalable SDR products by 2010.

43. SDR ….Important REFERENCES 1. Software Defined Radio:Origins,Drivers and International Perspectives By Tuttlebee 2. Software Defined Radio:Enabling Technologies By Tuttlebee 3. Software Defined Radio- Selected Readings By Mitola and Zvonar 4. SDR study Report By C-DAC (www.mit.gov.in) 5. SDR Forum web site www.sdrforum.org

44. Thanks a lot…