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Reunifying Japan

The unification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate marked a significant turning point in its history. Following a period of chaos with rival Daimyo and a weakened emperor, Hideyoshi's conquests, including the failed invasions of Korea and Manchuria, laid the groundwork for Tokugawa Ieyasu's eventual unification in 1603. The Tokugawa era introduced cultural flourishes in Edo (Tokyo) and a rigid class system, establishing alternate attendance to ensure loyalty from Daimyo. However, this period also saw the beginning of extreme isolation and persecution of Christianity, shaping Japan's trajectory until the 1850s.

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Reunifying Japan

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  1. Reunifying Japan The Tokugawa Shogunate

  2. Feudal Period • Japan fell apart, the emperor became a figure-head, and rival Daimyo fought one another constantly

  3. Hideyoshi

  4. Hideyoshi • Role in Japan • Successful unifier; harsh warlord • Invasions • Invasion of Korea in 1592 • Korean use of “turtle boats” (boats with cannon on board) destroyed part of Hideyoshi’s navy with gunpowder: Weakened Korea, which becomes a vassal state of China • Invaded Manchuria • Hideyoshi died in 1598, Japanese forces withdraw; Daimyo begin fighting one another again

  5. Tokugawa Shogunate

  6. Unification • Tokugawa Ieyasu crushes independent Daimyo; unifies Japan (1603), Capital at Edo (modern Tokyo) • Rival daimyos subjugated, but allowed autonomy in their own territory • Alternate Attendance instituted (similar to nobles required to live at Louis XIV’s palace at Versailles) • Christian missionaries convert over 300,000

  7. Achievements • Edo grows to 1,000,000 • Cultural revival (Hokusai’s “The Great Wave” wood block print; Kabuki theater) • Roads built & sea travel opened to help Alternate Attendance • Merchants and daimyos on outlying islands remained very free and merchants gained great wealth • Japan’s natural resource of silver helps drive new trade with Europe

  8. Isolation • Christianity was viewed as a rival to shogun’s power • 1617 – harsh persecution begins • Complete isolation declared • One port open to only Dutch – isolated on an island in Nagasaki harbor • Tokugawa Japan’s period of isolation lasts until 1850s. • Period of extreme xenophobia

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