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Spine Injuries

Spine Injuries. Sports Med . Cervical Neck MOI. Axial Load Flexion Hyperextension Rotation and Flexion Rotation and Hyper-flexion Lateral Flexion. Cervical Fracture. Gymnasts, hockey, diving, football, rugby

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Spine Injuries

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  1. Spine Injuries Sports Med

  2. Cervical Neck MOI • Axial Load • Flexion • Hyperextension • Rotation and Flexion • Rotation and Hyper-flexion • Lateral Flexion

  3. Cervical Fracture • Gymnasts, hockey, diving, football, rugby • Relatively uncommon in athletics but you should always be prepared to handle the situation. • MOI • Axial loading and flexion, rotation, hyperextension • S/S • Most common in 4-6 cervical vertebrae • Point tenderness, restricted movement • Muscle spasms • Numbness & pain in extremities, loss of bladder/bowel control • TX • Rule out spinal injury • X-ray, refer to physician

  4. Cervical Sprain Whiplash • MOI • Violent flexion, extension or rotation • Affects anterior and posterior ligaments • S/S • Persistent, tender over transverse and spinous processes • Pain occurs a day later • TX • Refer to rule out a fx • Neurological exam • PRICE, traction

  5. Acute torticollis Wry Neck • MOI • Pain on one side of the neck upon waking up • Synovial lining or capsule is pinched • S/S • Palpable pt. tenderness and muscle spasm • Limited side flexion, and rotation • TX • X-ray, traction, AROM, PROM, modalities

  6. Scheuermann’s Disease Thoracic • Gymnastics, butterfly swimming • MOI • Kyphosis resulting from wedged fx of 3 or more vertebrae • Causes nucleolus pulposis to enter into vertebrae • S/S • Kyphosis and lumbar lordosis but no pain • Point tender over spinous processes and back ache at end of day • TX • Prevent progressive kyphosis • Extension exercises, anti-inflammatory

  7. Congenital Mechanical Present at birth Idiopathic Traumatic Overuse injury Strains, sprains Lumbar MOI

  8. Lumbar Strain • MOI • Sudden extension and rotation • Faulty posture, excessive lumbar lordosis • S/S • Pain with active extension and passive flexion • TX • PRICE, elastic wrap to compress • Stretching, strengthening exercises should not cause pain

  9. Sciatica • Inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve • MOI • Nerve compression, irregularities in vertebrae • tight piriformis muscle • S/S • Acute or chronic • Sharp shooting pain that follows the nerve pathway • Straight leg raise increases pain • TX • Rest, traction (if necessary), stretching, NSAIDS

  10. Spondylolysis • MOI • Congenital degeneration of the vertebrae • Appears as a stress fx, most common in boys • S/S • Asymptomatic until hyperextension or disk herniation • TX • Bracing, rest, stabilization exercises

  11. Spondylolisthesis • MOI • One vertebrae slipping on one below it • A complication of spondy higher in girls • S/S • hyperlordosis • TX • Bracing, rest, stabilization exercises

  12. Sacroiliac Pain • MOI • Twisting with both feet on the ground • Falling backward, landing heavily on one leg • S/S • Point tender on SI joint • ASIS and PSIS may be asymmetrical • Straight leg raise increases pain after 45 degrees • Side bending toward the injury side increases pain • TX • Modalities, brace, strengthening, stretching, PRICE

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