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The Presidents of the United States

The Presidents of the United States. Major Events that shaped the presidency. Washington, George 1789-97. 1789 The Judiciary Act specified the number of Federal courts and judges. 1790 Supreme Court met for the first time with John Jay as the Chief Justice. 1791

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The Presidents of the United States

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  1. The Presidents of the United States Major Events that shaped the presidency.

  2. Washington, George 1789-97 1789 The Judiciary Act specified the number of Federal courts and judges. 1790 Supreme Court met for the first time with John Jay as the Chief Justice. 1791 Federal capital established in swamplands on the Potomac. A national banking system established by the Bank Act. The Bill of Rights take effect. Nickname: "Father of His Country“ Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: No formal educationOccupation: Planter, SoldierPolitical Party: Federalist $25,000/year (refused by Washington)

  3. Adams, John 1797-1801 1796 E Pluribus Unum: "Out of Many, One"; added to American coins. 1797 Three anonymous French trouble makers brought France and the U.S. to the brink of war in what became known as the XYZ Affair. 1798 Federalists support the highly unpopular Alien and Sedition Acts. U.S. capital relocated to Washington, D.C. from Philadelphia. Congress established Library of Congress. 2nd President of the United States(March 4, 1797 to March 3, 1801) Nickname: "Atlas of Independence" Religion: UnitarianEducation: Graduated from Harvard College (1755)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Federalist

  4. Jefferson, Thomas 1801-09 1803 Supreme Court ruled in Marbury v. Madison . Any law passed by Congress can be declared unconstitutional by the courts. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from France for $15 million dollars. 12th Amendment changed Presidential election rules. . Congress outlaws importing slaves 3rd President of the United States(March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1809) Nicknames: "Man of the People"; "Sage of Monticello" Religion: No formal affiliationEducation: Graduated from College of William and Mary (1762)Occupation: Lawyer, planterPolitical Party: Democratic-Republican

  5. #4 Madison, James 1809-17 1812 War declared on England on June 18 after England continued to attack U.S. ships headed to France. City of Washington captured and burned by British, August 24. Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner". Treaty of Ghent ended War of 1812 on December 24, but fighting continued. 1815 4th President of the United States(March 4, 1809 to March 3, 1817) Nicknames: "Father of the Constitution“ Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated Princeton University; 1771)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democratic-Republican

  6. #5 Monroe, James 1817-25 1819 Florida ceded by Spain to the United States on February 22. In exchange the U.S. cancelled $5 million in Spanish debts. 1820 The Missouri Compromise, forbade slavery above 36 degrees 30 minutes latitude. Monroe reelected. 1823 On December 2, Monroe Doctrine delivered to Congress. 5th President of the United States(March 4, 1817 to March 3, 1825) Nicknames: "The Last Cocked Hat"; "Era-of-Good-Feeling President“ Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from College of William and Mary (1776)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democratic-Republican

  7. #6 Adams, John Quincy 1825-29 Erie Canal completed. 1828 Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the first designed for passengers and freight. 6th President of the United States(March 4, 1825 to March 3, 1829) Nickname: "Old Man Eloquent" Religion: UnitarianEducation: Graduated from Harvard College (1787)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democratic-Republican

  8. #7 Jackson, Andrew 1829-37 About 2,000 of Jackson's supporters given government jobs. Jackson also set up a "kitchen cabinet" of informal advisers. Jackson reelected. Jackson vetoed the rechartering of 2nd Bank leading to the creation of the Whig Party. South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariff laws. Federal troops sent to South Carolina U.S. became debt free (briefly) for the only time in history. 1836 6000 Mexicans defeated 190 Americans in 12 days at the Alamo on March 6. 7th President of the United States(March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1837) Nickname: "Old Hickory" Religion: PresbyterianEducation: No formal educationOccupation: Lawyer, soldierPolitical Party: Democratic

  9. #8 Van Buren, Martin 1837-41 1837 Banks closed in Philadelphia and New York City on May 10. This was the beginning of the Panic of 1837. The depression that followed would last throughout Van Buren's term. 1838 Trail of Tears. Thousands of Indians forced from their homes and die. 8th President of the United States(March 4, 1837 to March 3, 1841) Nicknames: "The Little Magician"; "The Red Fox of Kinderhook“ Religion: Dutch ReformedEducation: Graduated from Kinderhook Academy (1796)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democratic

  10. Harrison, William Henry 1841 1841 Delivered the longest inaugural address on March 4. It was an extremely cold day and Harrison did not wear a hat while delivering the 105 minute speech. He contracted pneumonia and died in the White House one month later. 9th President of the United States(March 4, 1841 to April 4, 1841) Nicknames: "Old Tippecanoe"; "Old Tip" Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Attended Hampden-Sydney CollegeOccupation: SoldierPolitical Party: Whig

  11. #10 Tyler, John 1841-45 1841 Tyler's cabinet resigned after he vetoed banking bills supported by the Whigs. 1844 Far East opened to U.S. traders after a treaty with China signed. 1845Texas annexed followed by war with Mexico. 10th President of the United States(April 6, 1841 to March 3, 1845) Nicknames: "Accidental President"; "His Accidency“ Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from the College of William and Mary (1807)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Whig

  12. #11 Polk, James 1845-49 1846 A large crack in the Liberty Bell too large to permit the bell to be rung any more. Dispute with Britain over the Oregon Territory settled. Both nations get a part of the territory. 1848 Treaty of 1848 with Mexico gave the U.S. control over California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Gold discovered in California in December. 11th President of the United States(March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849) Nickname: "Young Hickory“ Religion: PresbyterianEducation: Graduated from the University of North Carolina (1818)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democratic

  13. #12 Taylor, Zachary 1849-50 As a soldier always moving from location to location, Taylor never established an official place of residence and never registered to vote, He didn't even vote in his own election. It wasn't until he was 62 that he cast his first ballot. November 7, 1848 was the first time a presidential election was held on the same day in every state. 1850 The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty signed with Britain guaranteed that any future canal across Central America would be available to all nations. 12th President of the United States(March 5, 1849 to July 9, 1850) Nickname: "Old Rough and Ready" Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: No formal educationOccupation: SoldierPolitical Party: Whig

  14. Fillmore, Millard 1850-53 1850 Congress passed the Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave Act in September. The White House's first library, bathtub and kitchen stove were installed by the Fillmore's. 13th President of the United States(July 9, 1850 to March 3, 1853) Nickname: "The American Louis Philippe“ Religion: UnitarianEducation: No formal educationOccupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Whig

  15. # Pierce, Franklin 1853-57 • 1853 • Gadsden Purchase • 1854 • Kansas-Nebraska Act • Ostend Manifesto • Treaty with Japan negotiated by Commodore Matthew Perry • Pierce was the only elected President who sought but did not win his party's nomination for a second term. 14th President of the United States(March 4, 1853 to March 3, 1857) Nickname: "Young Hickory of the Granite Hills“ Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from Bowdoin College (1824)Occupation: Lawyer, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  16. #15 Buchanan, James 1857-61 Supreme Court declared in the Dred Scott case that Congress had no power over slavery in the territories The sectional controversy grew steadily more serious during the last two years of Buchanan's presidency. Creation of the Confederate States of America during Buchanan's last months in office. He refused to turn over Fort Pickens in Florida and Fort Sumter in South Carolina to the authorities in those secessionist states. 15th President of the United States(March 4, 1857 to March 3, 1861) Nickname: "Old Buck“ Religion: PresbyterianEducation: Graduated from Dickinson College (1809)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democrat

  17. #16 Lincoln, Abraham1861-65 Lincoln was the first president to die by assassination. President during the Civil War He believed the national government had the power to crush the rebellion. The Gettysburg Address Signed the Emancipation Proclamation 16th President of the United States(March 4, 1861 to April 15, 1865) Nicknames: "Honest Abe"; "Illinois Rail-Splitter“ Religion: No formal affiliationEducation: No formal educationOccupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Republican

  18. #17 Johnson, Andrew 1865-69 14th Amendment passed Was unsuccessful in passing a reconstruction plan for the South 17th President of the United States(April 15, 1865 to March 3, 1869) Nickname: None Religion: No formal affiliationEducation: No formal educationOccupation: Tailor, public officialPolitical Party: Democratic

  19. #18 Grant, Ulysses S. 1869-77 Reconstruction Transcontinental Railroad Completed (1869) Fifteenth Amendment Ratified (1870) Credit Mobilier Scandal (1872) Panic of 1873 Whiskey Ring Scandal (1875) Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) 18th President Religion: MethodistEducation: Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, N.Y. (1843)Occupation: SoldierPolitical Party: Republican

  20. Hayes, Rutherford B. 1877-81 Compromise of 1877 (End of Reconstruction) Bland-Allison Act (1878) Pronounced the necessity of creating an American controlled canal in Panama (1880) Nineteenth President of the United States Religion: No formal affiliationEducation: Graduated from Kenyon College (1842) and Harvard Law School (1845)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Republican

  21. #20 Garfield, James 1881 Was shot on July 1, 1881 by Charles Guiteau and later died in office from this wound. Twentieth President Religion: Disciples of ChristEducation: Graduated from Williams College (1856)Occupation: Teacher, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  22. #21 Arthur, Chester 1881-85 Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Pendleton Act (1883) Twenty-First President Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from Union College (1848)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Republican

  23. #22 Cleveland, Grover 1885-89 Presidential Succession Act (1886) Dedication of Statue of Liberty (1886) Twenty-Second President Religion: PresbyterianEducation: No formal educationOccupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Democrat

  24. Harrison, Benjamin 1889-93 Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) Electricity Installed in White House (1891) Twenty-Third President Religion: PresbyterianEducation: Graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio (1852)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Republican

  25. Cleveland, Grover 1893-97 Panic of 1893 Chicago World's Fair (1893) Pullman's Strike (1894) Twenty-Fourth President of the United States

  26. McKinley, William 1897-1901 Spanish-American War (1898) Annexation of Hawaii (1898) Open Door Policy/Boxer Rebellion (1899-1900) Was assassinated soon after being elected to his second term. Twenty-Fifth President Religion: MethodistEducation: Attended Allegheny CollegeOccupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Republican

  27. Roosevelt, Theodore 1901-09 Roosevelt Corollary (1904/05) Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) Won Nobel Peace Prize (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) San Francisco Earthquake (1906) Panic of 1907 Twenty-Sixth President Religion: Dutch ReformedEducation: Graduated from Harvard College (1880)Occupation: Author, lawyer, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  28. #27 Taft, William H. 1909-13 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act (1909) Sixteenth Amendment Ratified (1913) Dollar Diplomacy Antitrust Policy Twenty-Seventh President Religion: UnitarianEducation: Graduated from Yale College (1878); Cincinnati Law School (1880)Occupation: Lawyer, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  29. #28 Wilson, Woodrow 1913-21 • Seventeenth Amendment • World War I (1914-1918) • Lusitania Sunk (1915) • United States entered World War I by declaring war on Germany (1917) • Treaty of Versailles (1919) • Eighteenth Amendment ratified) • Nineteenth Amendment ratified giving women the right to vote (1920) Twenty-Eighth President Religion: PresbyterianEducation: Graduated from the College of New Jersey Occupation: Teacher, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  30. Harding, Warren 1921-23 Teapot Dome Scandal Harding officially opposed entry into the League of Nations (1921) World War I was formally ended by joint resolution (1921) Twenty-Ninth President Religion: BaptistEducation: Graduated from Ohio Central College (1882)Occupation: Editor-PublisherPolitical Party: Republican

  31. #30 Coolidge, Calvin 1923-29 Immigration Act of 1924 Revenue Acts of 1924 and 1926 Charles Lindbergh make his historic transatlantic flight (1927) Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) Thirtieth PresidentReligion: CongregationalistEducation: Graduated from Amherst College (1895)Occupation: LawyerPolitical Party: Republican

  32. Hoover, Herbert 1929-33 Stock Market Crash (1929) Start of the Great Depression (1929) Lame Duck Amendment Ratified (1933) Thirty-First President Religion: Society of Friends (Quaker)Education: Graduated from Stanford University (1895).Occupation: EngineerPolitical Party: Republican

  33. Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1933-45 Twenty-First Amendment - Repeal of Prohibition (1933) New Deal policies Social Security Act (1935) World War II (1939-1945) Pearl Harbor attacked; US enters World War II (1941) Thirty-Second President Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from Harvard College (1903); Attended Columbia Law SchoolOccupation: Public official, lawyerPolitical Party: Democrat

  34. Truman, Harry 1945-53 Atomic Bombs Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) End of World War II (1945) United Nations Created (1945) Truman Doctrine (1947) Korean Conflict (1950-1953) Twenty-Second Amendment Ratified (1951) Hydrogen Bomb Detonated (1952) Thirty-Third President Religion: BaptistEducation: Attended the University of Kansas City Law SchoolOccupation: Farmer, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  35. Eisenhower, Dwight 1953-61 End of the Korean War (1953) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Interstate Highway System Created (1956) Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) Commander of Allied Forces during WWII Thirty-Fourth President Religion: PresbyterianEducation: Graduated from U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. (1915)Occupation: SoldierPolitical Party: Republican

  36. #35 Kennedy, John F. 1961-63 Bay of Pigs (1961) Berlin Wall built (1961) Alan Shepard, Jr. became the first American in space (1961) Twenty-Third Amendment Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Was assassinated while in office Thirty-Fifth President Religion: Roman CatholicEducation: Graduated from Harvard College (1940)Occupation: Author, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  37. #36 Johnson, Lyndon 1963-69 Vietnam Conflict Continues (1963 - 1969) Civil Rights Act (1964) Medicare and Medicaid (1965) Twenty-Fifth Amendment Thirty-Sixth President Religion: Disciples of ChristEducation: Graduated from Southwest Texas State Teachers College (1930)Occupation: Teacher, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  38. #37 Nixon, Richard 1969-74 Twenty-Sixth Amendment ratified giving 18-year-olds the right to vote (1971) Break-in at Watergate occurs (1972) End of the Vietnam War (1973) Nixon resign (1974) Thirty-Seventh President Religion: Society of Friends (Quaker)Education: Graduated from Whittier College (1934) and Duke University Law School (1937)Occupation: Lawyer, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  39. #38 Ford, Gerald 1974-77 Ford grants Nixon an unconditional pardon (1974) Communist victory in Southeast Asia (1975-76) Helsinki Agreement (1975) Thirty-Eighth President Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from the University of Michigan (1935) and Yale University Law School (1941)Occupation: Lawyer, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  40. #39 Carter, Jimmy 1977-81 Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned (1977) Panama Canal Treaty (1977) Three Mile Island incident (1979) Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) Thirty-Ninth President Religion: BaptistEducation: Graduated from U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. (1946)Occupation: Farmer, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  41. Reagan, Ronald 1981-89 Sandra Day O'Connor named first woman Supreme Court justice (1981) Attempted assassination (1981) Glasnost with the Soviet Union (1985-1991) Stark incident in Gulf War (1987) Fortieth President Religion: Disciples of ChristEducation: Graduated from Eureka College (1932)Occupation: Actor, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  42. Bush, George H.W. 1989-93 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska (1989) Break up of the Soviet Union (1991) Persian Gulf War (1990-91) Forty-First President Religion: EpiscopalianEducation: Graduated from Yale University (1948)Occupation: Businessman, public officialPolitical Party: Republican

  43. Clinton, William J. 1993-2001 NAFTA (1993) World Trade Center Terrorist Bombing (1993) Oklahoma City federal building Terrorist bombing (1995) Impeachment (1999) Forty-Second President Religion: BaptistEducation: Graduated from Georgetown University (1968); Attended Oxford University (1968-70); Graduated from Yale University Law School (1973)Occupation: Lawyer, public officialPolitical Party: Democrat

  44. Bush, George W. 2001-present Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center in New York City (September 11, 2001) War in Afghanistan (2001) War in Iraq (2003) Forty-Third President Religion: MethodistEducation: Graduated from Yale University (1968); Graduated from Harvard Business School (1975)Occupation: Businessman Political Party: Republican

  45. To be continued…….

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