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IPv6 Addressing

IPv6 Addressing. Local-Use Unicast Addresses. Link-local addresses Used between on-link neighbors and for Neighbor Discovery Site-local addresses Used between nodes in the same site. Link-Local Addresses. Format Prefix 1111 1110 10 FE80::/64 prefix Used for local link only

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IPv6 Addressing

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  1. IPv6 Addressing

  2. Local-Use Unicast Addresses • Link-local addresses • Used between on-link neighbors and for Neighbor Discovery • Site-local addresses • Used between nodes in the same site

  3. Link-Local Addresses • Format Prefix 1111 1110 10 • FE80::/64 prefix • Used for local link only • Single subnet, no router • Address autoconfiguration • Neighbor Discovery 10 bits 54 bits 64 bits 1111 1110 10 000 . . . 000 Interface ID

  4. Site-Local Addresses • Format Prefix 1111 1110 11 • FEC0::/48 prefix for site • Used for local site only • Replacement for IPv4 private addresses • Intranets not connected to the Internet • Routers do not forward site-local traffic outside the site 10 bits 38 bits 16 bits 64 bits 1111 1110 11 000 . . . 000 Subnet ID Interface ID

  5. Special IPv6 Addresses • Unspecified address • 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or :: • Loopback address • 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1

  6. Multicast IPv6 Addresses • Flags • Scope • Defined multicast addresses • All-Nodes addresses • FF01::1 (Node Local), FF02::1 (Link Local) • All-Routers addresses • FF01::2 (Node Local), FF02::2 (Link Local), FF05::2 (Site Local) 8 bits 4 bits 4 bits 112 bits 1111 1111 Flags Scope Group ID

  7. Solicited-Node Address 64 bits 64 bits • Example: • For FE80::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A, the corresponding solicited-node address is FF02::1:FF28:9C5A • Acts as a pseudo-unicast address for very efficient address resolution Unicast prefix Interface ID 24 bits FF02: 0:0:0:0 :1:FF

  8. IPv6 Addresses for a Host • Unicast addresses: • A link-local address for each interface • Unicast addresses for each interface (site-local or global addresses) • A loopback address (::1) • Multicast addresses: • The node-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1) • The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1) • The solicited-node address for each unicast address • The multicast addresses of joined groups

  9. IPv6 Addresses for a Router • Unicast addresses: • A link-local address for each interface • Unicast addresses for each interface • Loopback address (::1) • Anycast addresses • Subnet-router anycast address • Additional anycast addresses (optional) • Multicast addresses: • The node-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1) • The node-local scope all-routers multicast address (FF01::2) • The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1) • The link-local scope all-routers multicast address (FF02::2) • The site-local scope all-routers multicast address (FF05::2) • The solicited-node address for each unicast address • The multicast addresses of joined groups

  10. IPv6 Interface Identifiers • The last 64 bits of unicast IPv6 addresses • Interface identifier based on: • Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)-64 address • Either assigned to a network adapter card or derived from IEEE 802 addresses • Temporarily assigned, randomly generated value that changes over time • A value assigned by a stateful address configuration protocol (DHCP) • A value assigned during a Point-to-Point Protocol connection establishment • A manually configured value

  11. IEEE 802 Addresses • Company ID • Extension ID • U/L bit (u) • Universally (=0)/Locally (=1) Administered • U/G bit (g) • Unicast (=0)/Group (=1) Address 24 bits 24 bits ccccccug cccccccc cccccccc xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx IEEE-administered company ID Manufacturer-selected extension ID

  12. 24 bits 40 bits ccccccug cccccccc cccccccc xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx IEEE-administered company ID Manufacturer-selected extension ID IEEE EUI-64 Addresses • Extended Unique Identifier • Company ID • Extension ID

  13. Conversion of an IEEE 802 Address to an EUI-64 Address IEEE-administered company ID Manufacturer-selected extension ID 24 bits 24 bits ccccccug cccccccc cccccccc xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx IEEE 802 Address ccccccug cccccccc cccccccc 11111111 11111110 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 0xFF 0xFE EUI-64 Address

  14. Conversion of an EUI-64 Address to an IPv6 Interface ID EUI-64 Address ccccccug cccccccc cccccccc xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Complement the universally/locally administered (U/L) bit ccccccUg cccccccc cccccccc xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx IPv6 Interface Identifier

  15. Conversion of an IEEE 802 Address to an IPv6 Interface ID IEEE-administered company ID Manufacturer-selected extension ID 24 bits 24 bits cccccc00 cccccccc cccccccc xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx IEEE 802 Address EUI-64 Address cccccc00 cccccccc cccccccc 11111111 11111110 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 0xFF 0xFE cccccc10 cccccccc cccccccc 11111111 11111110 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx IPv6 Interface Identifier 64 bits

  16. IEEE 802 Address Conversion Example • Host A has the MAC address of 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C • 1. Convert to EUI-64 format • 00-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C • 2. Complement the U/L bit • The first byte in binary form is 00000000. When the seventh bit is complemented, it becomes 00000010 (0x02). • Result is 02-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C • 3. Convert to colon hexadecimal notation • 2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C • Link-local address (FE80::/64) for node with the MAC address of 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C is FE80::2AA:FF:FE3F:2A1C.

  17. Mapping IPv6 Multicast Addresses to Ethernet Multicast Addresses IPv6 Multicast Address 8 16 24 32 FF...: Ethernet Multicast Address 33-33-

  18. IPv4 Addresses and IPv6 Equivalents IPv4 Address IPv6 Address Internet address classes N/A Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4) IPv6 multicast addresses (FF00::/8) Broadcast addresses N/A Unspecified address is 0.0.0.0 Unspecified address is :: Loopback address is 127.0.0.1 Loopback address is ::1 Public IP addresses Aggregatable global unicast addresses Private IP addresses Site-local addresses (FEC0::/48) APIPA addresses Link-local addresses (FE80::/64) Dotted decimal notation Colon hexadecimal format Subnet mask or prefix length Prefix length notation only

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